Podcast Beta
Questions and Answers
What is the main function of the basal layer or stratum germinativum in the epidermis?
Which layer of the epidermis is referred to as the cornified layer or stratum corneum?
What is the primary composition of the dermis underlying the epidermis?
Which structure found in the dermis is responsible for producing sweat?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a major function of subcutaneous tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of preparation has a base of oil or petroleum jelly and little to no water?
Signup and view all the answers
Which topical retinoid is indicated for acne, fine wrinkles, and psoriasis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary difference between trifarotene (Aklief) and other retinoids?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a potential adverse effect of topical retinoids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the recommended approach when starting a patient on topical tretinoin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which antibiotic is considered the agent of choice for acne treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is Sarecycline (Seysara) considered to have lower rates of gastrointestinal (GI) effects compared to other tetracyclines?
Signup and view all the answers
Which concentration range is recommended for achieving keratolytic effects?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptoms can indicate systemic toxicity from sulfur use?
Signup and view all the answers
What is sulfur commonly combined with for additive effects in treating skin conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nonpharmacologic measure is recommended to minimize acne lesions?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two principal subgroups of topical drugs for acne treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug is considered the principal agent for severe acne?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the presumed mechanism of action of benzoyl peroxide in treating acne?
Signup and view all the answers
Which topical drug can lead to resistance if used as monotherapy in acne treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common side effect of dapsone gel when used for acne treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What does azelaic acid work on to produce its anti-acne effects?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of topical formulation is most suitable for oily skin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason why ointments are not recommended for weeping or oozing skin conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which region of the body has the lowest absorption of topical glucocorticoids?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a principal concern associated with long-term use of topical glucocorticoids in children?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of topical formulation can greatly increase drug absorption when combined with an occlusive dressing?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main disadvantage of using lotions?
Signup and view all the answers
In what kind of dermatologic conditions are topical glucocorticoids mainly used?
Signup and view all the answers
What effect does salicylic acid have on the skin?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the cost of 15 grams of Retipamulin?
Signup and view all the answers
Which topical antibiotic is the least expensive way to treat impetigo?
Signup and view all the answers
Which local anesthetic can be applied topically to relieve pain and itching associated with various skin disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary factor for selecting a topical anesthetic?
Signup and view all the answers
Which quinolone is used to treat impetigo and is very expensive at around $300 for 30 grams?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason topical steroids are used to treat psoriasis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin D derivative is mentioned as effective and safe for short or long-term use in psoriasis treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are moderate to high potency steroids used in treating psoriasis instead of lower potency ones?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin derivative is Tazarotene, a topical drug mentioned in psoriasis treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main function of glucocorticoids in psoriasis treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
'Why is Calcipotriene recommended for use twice daily, morning and evening?'
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most common body part where benign lesions appear?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a protein produced by the bacterium Clostridium botulinum?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason for avoiding Botox in people above 65 years of age?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a side effect commonly associated with Botox injections for cosmetic treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What part of the body can be affected by seborrheic dermatitis, in addition to the face and scalp?
Signup and view all the answers
Which topical drug is specifically mentioned for the treatment of inflammation and scaling associated with seborrheic dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
What microbial family does Malassezia belong to, which causes symptoms associated with seborrheic dermatitis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which toxin acts on cholinergic neurons to block the release of acetylcholine?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the two principal forms of physical procedures used for removing common warts?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the most effective treatment for onychomycosis according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
Which medication was originally developed for benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) but is now used for male-pattern baldness?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main concern regarding women handling crushed or broken tablets of finasteride?
Signup and view all the answers
Which formulation of minoxidil is specifically approved for women with hair loss?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of Eflornithine (Vaniqa) in treating facial hair growth in women?
Signup and view all the answers
Which tinea infection requires the use of ketoconazole as the treatment of choice?
Signup and view all the answers
"Minoxidil can delay loss of hair and stimulate hair growth." What aspect of using minoxidil do patients need to be aware of?
Signup and view all the answers
"The most common reactions to Eflornithine cream are transient stinging, burning, tingling, or rash at the application site." What should users be cautious about?
Signup and view all the answers
"Absorption of Minoxidil is low; hence systemic reactions are rare." What conclusion can be drawn from this statement?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of podofilox?
Signup and view all the answers
Which topical drug is contraindicated in HIV-infected patients and those with genital herpes infection?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the dosing schedule for applying podofilox gel or solution?
Signup and view all the answers
Which adverse effect is common with the use of kunecatechins?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes the application schedule of Aldara (imiquimod) from the standard imiquimod cream regimen?
Signup and view all the answers
Which complication can occur if solutions containing BCA or TCA are applied excessively?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes podophyllin from other drugs mentioned in the text regarding wart treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action of coal tar in treating psoriasis?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are biologic agents for psoriasis only prescribed by dermatologists?
Signup and view all the answers
Which treatment for actinic keratosis involves using blue light?
Signup and view all the answers
How do venereal warts primarily spread?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important to warn patients with anogenital warts about transmission to sexual partners?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of physical measures used to remove venereal warts?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of drug used to remove venereal warts must be administered by a healthcare provider?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes ultraviolet B (UVB) therapy from tanning beds in psoriasis treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
How are individuals with anogenital warts advised to minimize transmission to sexual partners?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important for the partners of individuals with anogenital warts to be examined for warts?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three factors employed by the body to regulate calcium levels?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main concern associated with taking excessive supplemental calcium?
Signup and view all the answers
Which food item provides the most calcium per serving among the following options?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary concern regarding calcium intake for adolescent girls and postmenopausal women?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the percentage of calcium stored in bones in the human body?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a good source of dietary calcium for individuals?
Signup and view all the answers
What treatment option is specifically mentioned for hypocalcemia associated with hypoparathyroidism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drugs inhibit the resorption of calcium from bone to help lower calcium levels?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common sign of Paget's disease of the bone?
Signup and view all the answers
Which group of drugs can be used to suppress PTH secretion in hypercalcemia associated with hyperparathyroidism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which disorder results from insufficient vitamin D and presents with bowing of legs and fractures?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the FDA-approved drug specifically for patients with chronic kidney disease on hemodialysis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary treatment for hypoparathyroidism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which agent can be used for hypercalcemia associated with hyperparathyroidism to suppress PTH secretion?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main side effect of Abaloparatide?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug suppresses the bone resorption of osteoclasts?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of Furosemide in treating hypercalcemia emergencies?
Signup and view all the answers
How is osteoporosis diagnosed?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the known adverse effect of Bisphosphonates?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin aids in ensuring calcium absorption and bone integrity?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the anticipated additional indications for Abaloparatide in the future?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the standard technique for measuring Bone Mineral Density (BMD)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug contains both Bazedoxifene and conjugated estrogens?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the primary indications for Teriparatide?
Signup and view all the answers
What does a T-score of -2.6 indicate in terms of bone health?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the mechanism of action of Cinacalcet (Sensipar) in the treatment of primary hyperparathyroidism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug is NOT mentioned as an antiresorptive agent for preventing bone loss?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common adverse effect of bisphosphonates used to manage osteoporosis and hypercalcemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the 10-year probability of a hip fracture that would warrant treatment for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin D preparation is typically preferred due to its higher effectiveness in raising blood levels of the active form of vitamin D?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of drugs are most effective when substantial bone loss has not yet occurred?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the therapeutic use of calcitonin in bone health?
Signup and view all the answers
In men, which drug is NOT approved for the treatment of osteoporosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which drug is indicated for treating secondary hyperparathyroidism caused by chronic kidney disease?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason behind the use of testosterone replacement therapy for osteoporosis?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the preferred route of administration for vitamin D supplementation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin D derivative leads to calcium deposition in soft tissues and potential heart, blood vessel, and lung damage?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of glucocorticoids in psoriasis treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a significant concern regarding the use of Calcitonin for osteoporosis?
Signup and view all the answers
Why are synthetic derivatives of natural vitamin D required, such as paricalcitol and doxercalciferol?
Signup and view all the answers
Which cells are responsible for depositing new bone during the continuous remodeling process?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of total serum calcium is bound to proteins and other substances?
Signup and view all the answers
Which hormone works to promote calcium resorption from the bone?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of calcitonin when blood calcium levels are high?
Signup and view all the answers
What symptoms can be associated with persistent and severe hypercalcemia?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor takes priority over preservation of calcium in bone when blood calcium levels are low?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of vitamin D in calcium metabolism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which gland releases calcitonin when blood calcium levels rise too high?
Signup and view all the answers
What can be a consequence of calcium deposition in soft tissues according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common initial symptom of mild hypercalcemia?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary mechanism of action of cinacalcet in the treatment of secondary hyperparathyroidism?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does the Kidney Disease Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) not recommend the use of cinacalcet in early or pre-dialysis stages of chronic kidney disease?
Signup and view all the answers
Which vitamin D form is primarily obtained through exposure to sunlight?
Signup and view all the answers
What are the primary indications for vitamin D supplementation according to the text?
Signup and view all the answers
How is vitamin D primarily measured in the body?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the target level of 25-(OH)D usually recommended in clinical practice?
Signup and view all the answers
Why does vitamin D promote bone decalcification in certain conditions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which source provides the highest dietary intake of vitamin D based on the text?
Signup and view all the answers
What did the Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommend as the daily intake of vitamin D for adults aged 71 years and older?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes zoledronic acid from other bisphosphonates in terms of dosing for postmenopausal osteoporosis?
Signup and view all the answers
How does estrogen replacement therapy impact osteoclast proliferation and bone resorption?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is low-dose estrogen recommended for osteoporosis prevention?
Signup and view all the answers
What differentiates raloxifene from estrogen in terms of its effects on breast tissue?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main reason for the use of raloxifene in postmenopausal women?
Signup and view all the answers
How does raloxifene differ from estrogen in relation to cancer risk?
Signup and view all the answers