Chapter 12
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Questions and Answers

What is a class that inherits called?

  • Polymorphic class
  • Superclass
  • Derived class (correct)
  • Abstract data type

    • What is the central theme in object-oriented programming and languages that support it?

  • Polymorphism
  • Inheritance (correct)
  • Abstraction
  • Encapsulation

    • What are subprograms that define operations on objects called?

  • Methods (correct)
  • Functions
  • Procedures
  • Routines

    • What allows new classes to be defined in terms of existing ones in object-oriented programming?

    <p>Inheritance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a nested class in Java?

    <p>It is hidden from all classes in its package, except for the nesting class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about dynamic binding in Java?

    <p>It is the normal way to bind method calls to method definitions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a storage structure for instance variables in Java?

    <p>Class instance records (CIRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of reflection in a programming language?

    <p>Allows programs to have runtime access to their types and structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the getClass method of Class return in Java?

    <p>The Class object of an object</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Method class's invoke method do in Java?

    <p>Executes the method found by getMethod</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a downside of reflection in Java?

    <p>Performance costs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major design issues involved in object-oriented programming (OOP)?

    <p>Exclusivity of objects, subclasses and subtypes, type checking and polymorphism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of Java as a programming language?

    <p>It supports only OOP</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a use case of reflection in software tools?

    <p>Class browsers need to enumerate the classes of a program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the getMethods method of Class return in Java?

    <p>An array of all public methods of a class</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of reflection in Java?

    <p>Some reflection code may not run under a security manager, making code nonportable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the entire collection of methods of an object called?

    <p>Message protocol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can a class modify an inherited method?

    <p>By overriding the inherited method</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two kinds of variables in a class?

    <p>Class variables and instance variables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does dynamic binding allow?

    <p>Polymorphic variables to reference objects of the class and its descendants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an abstract class include?

    <p>At least one abstract method and cannot be instantiated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the design issues for OOP languages?

    <p>Exclusivity of objects, single and multiple inheritance, object allocation and deallocation, dynamic and static binding, nested classes, and initialization of objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship of subclasses to their parent class?

    <p>&quot;is-a&quot; relationship</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disadvantage of Multiple Inheritance?

    <p>Creating interdependencies among classes that complicate maintenance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where can object allocation and deallocation occur?

    <p>Anywhere if objects behave like ADTs and can be explicitly created on the heap</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be considered for efficiency?

    <p>Dynamic and static binding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does an abstract method not include?

    <p>A definition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can multiple inheritance allow a new class to inherit from?

    <p>Two or more classes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language supports multiple inheritance and dynamic binding through virtual methods and pure virtual functions?

    <p>C++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language has a category that provides some benefits of multiple inheritance through interfaces?

    <p>Java</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language allows reexportation to make a member visible in a subclass, even if it was originally inaccessible due to private derivation?

    <p>C++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language explicitly calls the finalize method when the garbage collector is about to reclaim the storage occupied by the object?

    <p>Java</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language requires the programmer to decide at design time which methods will be statically bound and which must be dynamically bound?

    <p>C++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language has wrapper classes for primitive types and allocates objects heap-dynamically with new?

    <p>Java</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language supports single inheritance and dynamic binding for all messages unless the method is final or static?

    <p>Java</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language provides elaborate access controls to class entities such as private, public, and protected?

    <p>C++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language has a mixed typing system, constructors, destructors, and elaborate access controls to class entities?

    <p>C++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language allows subclassing to be declared with access controls such as private or public, defining potential changes in access by subclasses?

    <p>C++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language disallows overriding and allows static binding for methods that are final or static?

    <p>Java</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language has differences in support of OOP, with extensive access controls, multiple inheritance, and dynamic binding?

    <p>C++</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    OOP Support in C++ and Java

    • C++ is an OOP language evolved from C and SIMULA 67, featuring mixed typing system, constructors, destructors, and elaborate access controls to class entities.
    • In C++, inheritance is supported, and access controls for members include private, public, and protected.
    • Subclassing in C++ can be declared with access controls such as private or public, defining potential changes in access by subclasses.
    • In C++, reexportation allows making a member visible in a subclass, even if it was originally inaccessible due to private derivation.
    • C++ supports multiple inheritance and dynamic binding through virtual methods and pure virtual functions.
    • Dynamic binding in C++ allows calling methods through polymorphic variables and binding to messages.
    • C++ provides extensive access controls, multiple inheritance, and requires the programmer to decide at design time which methods will be statically bound and which must be dynamically bound.
    • Java, closely related to C++, has all data as objects except primitive types, with wrapper classes for primitive types, and objects are heap-dynamic and allocated with new.
    • In Java, single inheritance is supported and an abstract class category provides some benefits of multiple inheritance through interfaces.
    • All messages in Java are dynamically bound to methods unless the method is final or static, which disallows overriding and allows static binding.
    • Java's finalize method is implicitly called when the garbage collector is about to reclaim the storage occupied by the object.
    • Overall, C++ and Java have differences in support of OOP, with C++ providing extensive access controls, multiple inheritance, and dynamic binding, while Java supports single inheritance and dynamic binding for all messages.

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