कोशिका संरचना और कार्य

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Questions and Answers

Photosynthesis केवल पौधों के कोशिकाओं में होता है।

False

सक्रिय परिवहन में ऊर्जा की आवश्यकता होती है।

True

कोशिका चक्र में केवल तीन चरण होते हैं।

False

हॉर्मोन और न्यूरोट्रांसमिटर कोशिकाओं के बीच संचार के उदाहरण हैं।

True Signup and view all the answers

स्टेम कोशिकाएँ विशेषीकृत कोशिकाएँ होती हैं।

False Signup and view all the answers

प्रोकैरियोटिक कोशिकाएँ न्यूक्लियस और मेम्ब्रेन-बाउंड ऑर्गेनेल्स रखती हैं।

False Signup and view all the answers

यूकैरियोटिक कोशिकाएँ प्रोकैरियोटिक कोशिकाओं की तुलना में बड़ी और अधिक जटिल होती हैं।

True Signup and view all the answers

गोल्जी यंत्र प्रोटीन और लिपिड को मोड़ने, क्रमबद्ध करने और पैकेजिंग के लिए जिम्मेदार है।

True Signup and view all the answers

राइबोसोम्स ऊर्जा का उत्पादन करते हैं।

False Signup and view all the answers

प्लांट सेल्स में क्लोरोप्लास्ट होते हैं, जबकि एनिमल सेल्स में नहीं होते हैं।

True Signup and view all the answers

मेयोसिस कोशिका विभाजन की प्रक्रिया है जो समतुल्य कोशिकाओं में होती है।

False Signup and view all the answers

साइटोप्लाज्म कोशिका को भरा हुआ जेली जैसा पदार्थ है जिसमें ऑर्गेनेल्स होते हैं।

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प्रोकैरियोटिक कोशिकाओं का DNA आमतौर पर कई रैखिक क्रोमोसोम्स में होता है।

False Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cell Structure and Function

Cells are the basic structural and functional units of all living organisms.
There are two main types of cells: prokaryotic (lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles) and eukaryotic (possess a nucleus and numerous membrane-bound organelles).
Key components of eukaryotic cells include the plasma membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, mitochondria, and ribosomes.
The plasma membrane is a selectively permeable barrier that controls the passage of substances into and out of the cell.
The cytoplasm is the jelly-like substance that fills the cell and contains organelles.
The nucleus is the control center of the cell, containing the genetic material (DNA).
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) is a network of membranes involved in protein synthesis, lipid metabolism, and calcium storage.
The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or use within the cell.
Mitochondria are the powerhouses of the cell, generating ATP through cellular respiration.
Ribosomes are responsible for protein synthesis.

Prokaryotic Cells

Prokaryotic cells are generally smaller and simpler than eukaryotic cells.
They lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles.
Their DNA is typically a single circular chromosome located in the cytoplasm in a region called the nucleoid.
Examples of prokaryotic cells include bacteria and archaea.
Some prokaryotes have specialized structures like flagella for movement.

Eukaryotic Cells

Eukaryotic cells are larger and more complex than prokaryotic cells.
They have a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles, which allow for compartmentalization of cellular functions.
Eukaryotic cells can be either animal or plant cells.
Animal cells lack chloroplasts and a cell wall, while plant cells have both.
Plant cells have a rigid cell wall for structural support.
Specialized organelles in plant cells include chloroplasts for photosynthesis.

Cellular Processes

Cell division is the process by which cells reproduce, creating new cells.
Mitosis is the process of nuclear division that precedes cell division in somatic cells.
Meiosis is the process of nuclear division that precedes cell division in reproductive cells.
Cellular respiration is the process by which cells break down glucose to produce ATP, the primary energy currency of the cell.
Photosynthesis is a process unique to plant cells and certain other organisms where light energy is converted into chemical energy in the form of glucose.

Cell Membrane

The cell membrane is a phospholipid bilayer with embedded proteins.
It regulates the passage of substances into and out of the cell through active and passive transport mechanisms.
Passive transport includes diffusion, osmosis, and facilitated diffusion, which do not require energy.
Active transport requires energy to move substances against their concentration gradient.
The cell membrane maintains the cell's internal environment and interacts with the external environment.

Cellular Communication

Cells communicate with each other through various mechanisms, including signaling pathways.
Signaling pathways involve a series of molecular events that transmit information from one cell to another.
Cell signaling is crucial for coordinating cellular activities and maintaining homeostasis.
Hormones and neurotransmitters are examples of signaling molecules.

Cell Cycle

The cell cycle is a series of events that lead to cell growth and division.
The cell cycle has distinct phases including interphase (G1, S, G2) and the mitotic phase (mitosis and cytokinesis).
Interphase is the period of cell growth and DNA replication.
The mitotic phase involves nuclear division and cytoplasmic division.
Regulation of the cell cycle is crucial for maintaining proper cell growth and preventing uncontrolled cell division.

Cell Differentiation

Cell differentiation is the process by which cells become specialized to perform specific functions.
Stem cells are undifferentiated cells that can differentiate into various cell types.
Cell differentiation is crucial for the development and function of multicellular organisms.

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यह क्विज कोशिकाओं की संरचना और कार्य पर केंद्रित है। इसमें प्रोकैरियोटिक और यूकेरियोटिक कोशिकाओं के बीच के अंतर के साथ-साथ उनके मुख्य घटकों का विवरण दिया गया है। कोशिकाओं के मुख्य अंगों के कार्यों और उनकी महत्वता समझने में मदद मिलेगी।