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Questions and Answers
What is the main driver of chemical weathering in rocks containing iron?
What is the main driver of chemical weathering in rocks containing iron?
- Reduction
- Oxidation (correct)
- Decomposition
- Hydration
Which mineral transformation process is an example of hydration in chemical weathering?
Which mineral transformation process is an example of hydration in chemical weathering?
- Iron to rust
- Quartz to clay minerals
- Magnesium to carbonic acid
- Anhydrite to gypsum (correct)
What role do living or once-living organisms play in chemical weathering?
What role do living or once-living organisms play in chemical weathering?
- Forming rust in iron-rich rocks
- Producing clay minerals like quartz
- Creating sinkholes in karst landscapes
- Transforming rocks through hydrolysis (correct)
What is the main mechanism responsible for widening cracks and splitting rocks through the freeze-thaw cycle?
What is the main mechanism responsible for widening cracks and splitting rocks through the freeze-thaw cycle?
Which process leads to the formation of bornhardts, prominent landscape features characterized by tall, domed, isolated rocks?
Which process leads to the formation of bornhardts, prominent landscape features characterized by tall, domed, isolated rocks?
What contributes to exfoliation by releasing underlying rocks from overlying pressure, leading to vulnerability to fracturing?
What contributes to exfoliation by releasing underlying rocks from overlying pressure, leading to vulnerability to fracturing?
What phenomenon occurs when salt exerts pressure on rock as crystals grow, slowly breaking it apart?
What phenomenon occurs when salt exerts pressure on rock as crystals grow, slowly breaking it apart?
In which location did salt upwelling from underground salt domes destabilize structures?
In which location did salt upwelling from underground salt domes destabilize structures?
Which process alters the molecular structure of rocks and soil by combining carbon dioxide with water to form carbonic acid?
Which process alters the molecular structure of rocks and soil by combining carbon dioxide with water to form carbonic acid?
What role do plants and animals play in mechanical weathering according to the text?
What role do plants and animals play in mechanical weathering according to the text?
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Study Notes
Chemical Weathering
- Oxidation is the main driver of chemical weathering in rocks containing iron.
Mineral Transformation
- The hydration of anhydrite to gypsum is an example of hydration in chemical weathering.
Biological Role
- Living or once-living organisms play a role in chemical weathering, contributing to the breakdown of rocks.
Freeze-Thaw Cycle
- Water's expansion as it freezes is the main mechanism responsible for widening cracks and splitting rocks through the freeze-thaw cycle.
Bornhardt Formation
- Spheroidal weathering leads to the formation of bornhardts, prominent landscape features characterized by tall, domed, isolated rocks.
Exfoliation
- The removal of overlying rocks contributes to exfoliation, releasing underlying rocks from pressure and making them vulnerable to fracturing.
Salt Weathering
- As salt crystals grow, they exert pressure on the surrounding rock, slowly breaking it apart through a process known as salt weathering.
Salt Domes
- In New Orleans, salt upwelling from underground salt domes destabilized structures.
Carbonation
- Carbonation alters the molecular structure of rocks and soil by combining carbon dioxide with water to form carbonic acid.
Mechanical Weathering
- Plants and animals contribute to mechanical weathering by displacing or burrowing into rocks and soil, breaking them up through physical forces.
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