कंप्यूटरों का विकास: एक अविचल यात्रा

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कंप्यूटरों के विकास में पहली पीढ़ी (1945-1959) के कंप्यूटरों के लिए क्या सच है?

पहली पीढ़ी के कंप्यूटरों में वैक्यूम ट्यूब, ट्रांजिस्टर, और डायोड्स थे।

ये कंप्यूटर छोटे, तेज और अधिक विश्वसनीय बनाने में मदद करने वाले ट्रांजिस्टर का उपयोग करते थे। (correct)

1945 में ENIAC की शुरुआत हुई।

इन कंप्यूटरों को विश्वविद्यालय या सैन्य संस्थानों में अक्सर रखा जाता था।

कौन-कौनसे प्राचीन मानकरण (1850s-1940s) कंप्यूटिंग के पूर्वसंकेतिक हैं?

ENIAC

PDP-8

IBM 650

Charles Babbage के Difference Engine (correct)

कौन-कौनसे उपकरणों/माध्यमों ने 20वीं सदी में पहली पीढ़ी (1945-1959) के कंप्यूटरों के विकास में महत्वपूर्ण भूमिका निभाई?

PDP-8, IBM 650, ENIAC

IBM 1401, Charles Babbage's Difference Engine

Analytical Engine, EDVAC, UNIVAC I

Vacuum tubes, transistors, and diodes (correct)

किसने 1959-1965 के समय में कंप्यूटरों में Vacuum tubes की जगह Transistors का प्रस्थापन किया?

IBM 7090 Signup and view all the answers

'The Evolution of Computers' पाठ में सुलझाव पीढि़िहित है?

'The Second Generation' (1959-1965) Signup and view all the answers

किस पीढ़ी को इंटीग्रेटेड सर्किट्स (ICs) के प्रस्तावन के साथ देखा गया था?

तीसरी पीढ़ी Signup and view all the answers

किस वर्ग के कंप्यूटरों में Apple II, Commodore PET और Atari 2600 शामिल हैं?

चौथी पीढ़ी Signup and view all the answers

किस समयावधि में ग्राफिकल उपयोगकर्ता इंटरफेस और इंटरनेट का आरम्भ हुआ?

पाँचवीं पीढ़ी Signup and view all the answers

किस समयावधि में मोबाइल उपकरणों के उत्थान और कृत्रिम बुद्धिमत्ता के व्यापक उपयोग का संकेत है?

छठी पीढ़ी Signup and view all the answers

किस पीढ़ी में क्वांटम कंप्यूटर, न्यूरल नेट्वर्क, और आकृतिक वास्त्रल का अनुप्राण होने का सम्भावना है?

सातवीं पीढ़ी Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Evolution of Computers: A Timeless Journey

Computers have evolved significantly since their inception, transforming from bulky, room-sized machines to the ubiquitous, portable devices we use daily. This article delves into the historical journey of computers, touching on milestones, pioneers, and groundbreaking inventions that have shaped the modern era.

Precursors to Computing (1850s-1940s)

In the 19th century, mechanical calculators like Charles Babbage's Difference Engine and the Analytical Engine laid the groundwork for future computers. The 20th century witnessed the birth of the first electromechanical computers, such as the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC) in 1945.

The First Generation (1945-1959)

The advent of vacuum tubes, transistors, and diodes in the 1940s enabled the development of the first digital computers. These early computers were massive, complex, and often housed in university or military institutions. Among them were the ENIAC, EDVAC (Electronic Discrete Variable Automatic Computer), UNIVAC I (UNIversal Automatic Computer I), and the IBM 650 (System/350).

The Second Generation (1959-1965)

Transistors, which are now a fundamental component in computer electronics, replaced vacuum tubes in the second generation. Transistors made computers smaller, faster, and more reliable. Notable examples include the IBM 7090, the PDP-8, and the IBM 1401 (System/335).

The Third Generation (1965-1975)

The third generation saw the introduction of integrated circuits (ICs), which combined thousands of transistors onto a single chip. This rapid miniaturization resulted in numerous developments, including the first microprocessors (Intel 4004 and 8008).

The Fourth Generation (1975-1990)

The fourth generation leveraged the power of microprocessors and large-scale integration, resulting in smaller, more affordable computers. The Apple II, Commodore PET (Personal Electronic Transporter), and the Atari 2600 are all examples of this era.

The Fifth Generation (1990-2010)

The 1990s ushered in the era of graphical user interfaces and the internet. Computers became more networked, with the World Wide Web emerging in 1991. The fifth generation is also characterized by the rise of personal computers, such as the Macintosh, the IBM PC, and the Microsoft Surface.

The Sixth Generation (2010-Present)

The sixth generation of computers is characterized by the rise of mobile devices and the widespread use of artificial intelligence. Smartphones, tablets, and other portable devices have become the norm, with the Apple iPhone, Samsung Galaxy, and Google Pixel leading the way.

The Seventh Generation (The Future)

The future of computing is expected to see quantum computers, neural networks, and augmented reality become more widespread. Quantum computers, which are expected to solve problems that classical computers cannot, are still in their infancy but show great promise. Meanwhile, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and deep learning continue to make strides in the development of more intelligent, autonomous systems.

In conclusion, computers have evolved from complex, room-sized machines to portable, powerful devices. This journey has witnessed pioneers like Charles Babbage, Alan Turing, John von Neumann, and Tim Berners-Lee, who have all contributed immensely to the field of computing. As we continue to advance, it's exciting to consider the possibilities and innovations that await us.

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इस लेख में कंप्यूटरों के इतिहास की यात्रा पर ध्यान दिया गया है, जिसमें आम मील के क्षण, सर्वोत्कृष्ट आविष्कारकों और मानवता के महत्वपूर्ण क्रांतिकारी आविष्कारों को स्पर्श किया गया है।