कंप्यूटर की मूल बातें
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ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का मुख्य कार्य क्या है?

  • सभी एप्लिकेशन को एक साथ चलाना
  • कंप्यूटर हार्डवेयर और सॉफ्टवेयर संसाधनों का प्रबंधन करना (correct)
  • सभी हार्डवेयर उपकरणों को निष्क्रिय करना
  • फाइलों का संगठन करना
  • किस प्रकार के उपयोगकर्ता इंटरफेस ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में पाए जाते हैं?

  • सिर्फ ग्राफिकल इंटरफेस
  • वेब-आधारित इंटरफेस
  • कमांड-लाइन इंटरफेस (CLI) और ग्राफिकल उपयोगकर्ता इंटरफेस (GUI) (correct)
  • क्लाइंट-सर्वर इंटरफेस
  • ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम में मेमोरी प्रबंधन का मुख्य उद्देश्य क्या है?

  • एक समय में केवल एक प्रोग्राम चलाना
  • मेमोरी को साफ रखना
  • अलग-अलग प्रोग्रामों को मेमोरी आवंटित करना और संघर्ष को रोकना (correct)
  • मेमोरी उपकरणों को निष्क्रिय करना
  • कौन-सा घटक ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम का मुख्य भाग है?

    <p>केर्नेल</p> Signup and view all the answers

    आधुनिक ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम की एक विशेषता क्या है?

    <p>मल्टीटास्किंग क्षमताएँ</p> Signup and view all the answers

    कंप्यूटर के सीपीयू की मुख्य भूमिका क्या है?

    <p>निर्देशों को निष्पादित करना</p> Signup and view all the answers

    कौन सा कंप्यूटर आर्किटेक्चर डेटा और निर्देशों को अलग-अलग स्थानों पर संग्रहीत करता है?

    <p>हार्वर्ड आर्किटेक्चर</p> Signup and view all the answers

    RAM के बारे में कौन सा बयान सही है?

    <p>यह डेटा को तब तक रखती है जब तक कंप्यूटर चालू है</p> Signup and view all the answers

    कंप्यूटर सिस्टम में सॉफ़्टवेयर का क्या कार्य है?

    <p>निर्देशों का सेट प्रदान करना</p> Signup and view all the answers

    कौन सा डिवाइस कंप्यूटर को डेटा दर्ज करने की अनुमति देता है?

    <p>कीबोर्ड</p> Signup and view all the answers

    संगणक प्रोसेसिंग इकाई (CPU) की कौन सी घटक गणनाएँ करती है?

    <p>अर्थमेटिक लॉजिक यूनिट (ALU)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    संगणक में स्टोरेज डिवाइस की विशेषता क्या है?

    <p>यह डेटा को स्थायी रूप से संग्रहीत करता है</p> Signup and view all the answers

    किस सॉफ्टवेयर को सिस्टम सॉफ्टवेयर कहा जाता है?

    <p>ऑपरेटिंग सिस्टम</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Computer Fundamentals

    • A computer is a programmable machine that can store, retrieve, and process data.
    • Key components of a computer system include the central processing unit (CPU), memory (RAM), storage devices (hard drives, SSDs), input devices (keyboard, mouse), and output devices (monitor, printer).
    • Data representation in computers is primarily in binary format (0s and 1s).
    • The basic operations performed by a computer include input, processing, storage, and output (often summarized as the IPO cycle).
    • Software is a set of instructions that tells the computer what to do.
    • Different types of software exist, including applications (e.g., word processors, web browsers) and systems software (e.g., operating systems).
    • The relationship between hardware and software is that hardware provides the physical means for performing tasks, while software provides the instructions for the hardware to execute.
    • Computers process data following a sequence of instructions called algorithms.
    • Data is organized into various formats for storage and retrieval.
    • Computer systems are designed to perform calculations, manipulate data and execute instructions to carry out different tasks.
    • Common computer architectures include Von Neumann and Harvard architectures, the former storing both data and instructions in the same memory space, while the latter distinguishes the locations for data and instructions.

    Computer Hardware

    • Central Processing Unit (CPU) – the "brain" of the computer, responsible for executing instructions.
    • Components of the CPU include the arithmetic logic unit (ALU), which performs calculations, and the control unit, which manages the flow of instructions.
    • Memory (RAM): volatile memory that holds data and instructions currently being used by the CPU. RAM is fast, but data is lost when the power is turned off.
    • Storage Devices (hard disks, SSDs): non-volatile memory that stores data permanently even when the computer is turned off. SSD (Solid State Drive) is faster than the traditional hard drive.
    • Input Devices: devices that allow users to enter data into the computer, like keyboards, mice, scanners, microphones, and touchscreens.
    • Output Devices: devices that display the results of computer processing, including monitors, printers, speakers, and projectors.
    • Motherboard: a circuit board that connects all the components of the computer together.

    Operating Systems

    • Operating Systems (OS) – software that manages computer hardware and software resources.
    • Core functions of an OS include managing processes, memory, and input/output devices.
    • Examples of operating systems include Windows, macOS, Linux, and Unix.
    • Key features of modern OSs include:
      • File Management: Organizing files and folders on storage devices.
      • Process Management: Managing multiple programs and tasks running simultaneously.
      • Memory Management: Allocating memory to different programs and preventing conflicts.
      • Device Management: Controlling different hardware devices connected to the computer.
      • User Interface: The way users interact with the computer (e.g., GUI, command line).
      • Security: Protecting the computer from unauthorized access and malicious software.
    • Operating Systems enable seamless interactions between the physical hardware and applications.
    • The kernel is the core component of an OS, responsible for managing hardware resources.
    • Different types of user interfaces exist in operating systems, such as command-line interfaces (CLI) and graphical user interfaces (GUI).
    • An OS provides a platform for various applications to run.
    • Modern operating systems incorporate multitasking capabilities, allowing users to run multiple programs concurrently without significant performance degradation.

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    यह प्रश्नोत्तरी कंप्यूटर के मूलभूत तत्वों का ज्ञान पर केंद्रित है। इसमें कंप्यूटर के प्रमुख घटकों, सॉफ़्टवेयर और हार्डवेयर के बीच संबंध, और डेटा प्रतिनिधित्व के बारे में चर्चा की गई है। इस क्विज़ के माध्यम से आप कंप्यूटर प्रणाली की बेहतर समझ प्राप्त कर सकते हैं।

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