30 Questions
What is Kant's categorical imperative?
Act only according to that maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.
How does Kant suggest rational persons should guide their actions?
By using the test of the categorical imperative.
What is Kant's practical imperative?
Act so that you treat humanity, whether in your person or that of another, always as an end and never means only.
What does it mean to treat humanity as an end according to Kant?
To make his or her ends your own, and to act towards his purposes as you naturally do toward your own.
What is the implication when the categorical and practical imperative are merged?
Each person is a member of a politically organized society.
According to Kant, how should individuals act in a community?
As equal and autonomous beings treating all others as moral beings.
What are the three criteria provided by Aristotle for a virtuous character?
Virtuous acts must be chosen for their own sake, The choice must proceed from a firm and unchangeable character, Virtue is a disposition to choose the mean
How does Aristotle define the golden mean of virtuous behavior?
Practicing moderation: avoiding both excess and deficiency
According to Philippa Ruth Foot, what is the necessary ingredient for success in engaging virtuous acts?
A positive or moral will
How does Foot differentiate virtue from skills or arts?
Virtue cannot merely be practiced and perfected to engage the will; an act is not virtuous if the intention is not good
How do Beauchamp & Childress define character in the context of biomedical ethics?
Being made up of a set of stable traits that affect a person’s judgment and action
According to Beauchamp & Childress, can people learn or cultivate important character traits?
Yes, all can learn or cultivate those that are important to morality
What are some of the healthcare goals mentioned in the text?
Affordability, availability, and quality
What is distributive justice in the context of healthcare?
Distributing the burdens of healthcare costs while seeking affordability, availability, and quality simultaneously.
Give an example of resource allocation issues mentioned in the text.
Physicians deciding how much time to spend with each patient.
What is procedural justice in the context of healthcare management?
Deciding how to allocate pay increases based on merit, seniority, or across the board.
Why is distributing healthcare costs a difficult task, according to the text?
Because it requires balancing affordability, availability, and quality simultaneously.
What is an example of distributive justice and procedural justice occurring together?
Deciding how to allocate pay increases based on merit and ensuring fairness in the process.
What are the four pivotal virtues proposed to characterize a virtuous person?
Compassion, Discernment, Trustworthiness, Integrity
What does the virtue of Compassion embody?
The Golden Rule
How is Trustworthiness defined in the context of virtue ethics?
Trust is a confident belief in the moral character of another person.
What is the virtue of Integrity characterized by?
Soundness, reliability, wholeness, and integration of moral character.
What virtues are implied in the Nightingale pledge in relation to nursing?
Purity, faith, loyalty, devotion, trustworthiness, and temperance
What is Moral Particularism and how does it approach ethical judgment?
A form of moral theory that embraces the uniqueness of cases and ethical judgment in each particular case.
What do moral particularists claim is lacking in most moral theories?
Recognition and sensitivity for particulars such as context, situations, relationships, and individuals.
Which principles are commonly used in healthcare ethics?
Justice, autonomy, nonmaleficence, and beneficence.
According to Hippocratic ethical teaching, what does nonmaleficence entail?
To do no harm.
How do consequentialists define harm in healthcare ethics?
That which prevents the good or leads to less good or utility than other choices.
What does a natural law ethicist consider harm to be?
That which is opposed to our rational natures, that which circumscribes or limits our potential.
Why is the concept of justice presented last among the principles commonly used in healthcare ethics?
Because it is the most complex.
Test your knowledge on Kant's ethical philosophy with this quiz focusing on the concept of categorical imperative. Learn about the principle of universal law and how it guides ethical decision-making according to Kant's teachings.
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