Kantian Ethics Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is considered a key aspect of moral agnosticism?

  • It encourages decisive moral judgments.
  • It leads to an understanding of moral neutrality. (correct)
  • It promotes clear moral principles.
  • It requires a commitment to moral excellence.

Which of the following best describes the categorical imperative?

  • A moral obligation based on personal desires.
  • A principle that varies according to the situation.
  • A subjective guideline for ethical behavior.
  • An absolute moral obligation applicable to everyone. (correct)

What challenge does Kant's duty ethics face?

  • It promotes a rigid set of moral laws.
  • It relies too heavily on emotional responses.
  • It leads to conflicting prima facie duties. (correct)
  • It fails to address individual moral values.

How can an action be evaluated according to Kant's ethical theory?

<p>By determining if it can become a universal law. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the principle of prima facie duties imply?

<p>Certain duties take precedence over others depending on context. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a symptom of an irrational society, according to the content?

<p>People adopt moral neutrality due to fear of judgment. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement describes a potential shortcoming of relying solely on reason as a basis for moral virtue?

<p>It can lead to a lack of emotional understanding. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Kant's concept of duty ethics emphasize?

<p>Performing duties out of respect for moral law. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the fundamental question posed by virtue ethics?

<p>What sort of person should I be? (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a limitation of utilitarianism?

<p>It does not consider individual rights. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In Kant's Duty Ethics, what is primarily emphasized for moral actions?

<p>Moral duties and rules (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be said about moral agents in virtue ethics?

<p>They are expected to meet the demands of morality. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Difference Principle in Rawls's theory of justice state?

<p>Inequalities are acceptable if they benefit the worst-off individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does Aristotle define a virtuous person?

<p>One who embodies key virtues. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the Control Condition in relation to AI and virtue?

<p>It determines whether AI can be virtuous. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which ethical approach gives primary emphasis to the consequences of actions?

<p>Utilitarianism (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes prima facie duties from Kant's absolute duties?

<p>Prima facie duties allow for lying in certain situations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to Iris Young, why is oppression considered a form of injustice?

<p>It violates individual rights and social group dynamics. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a concern surrounding sperm donation ethics?

<p>Legal implications differ significantly by country. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

First generation college students navigate their identities across how many different frames?

<p>Four (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), enacted in 1990, aim to address?

<p>Guarantee individuals with disabilities equal access and opportunities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about first generation college students?

<p>They lack the ability to thrive in academic settings. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criticism is often leveled at the emphasis on independence in caring for people with disabilities?

<p>It neglects the importance of interdependence. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the Five Faces of Oppression relate to social dynamics?

<p>They illustrate systemic injustices affecting various groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key ethical consideration regarding profit making in relation to workers?

<p>Respect for workers and their dignity should be prioritized. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is part of the Categorical Imperative as described by Kantian ethics?

<p>Act as if your actions could be a universal law. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of declaring war, which entity holds the legal power in the United States?

<p>Congress through declaration. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of Aquinas's three necessary conditions for a morally defensible war?

<p>It must be declared by a legitimate authority. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'rule of law' in relation to sweatshops?

<p>It helps prevent abuse of workers through legal enforcement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a contemporary view of terrorism, as opposed to the traditional definition?

<p>It includes acts driven by ideological motivations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which act is associated with what is termed 'rape terrorism'?

<p>Systematic sexual violence targeting specific groups. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which reason must be justified for a war to be considered just, according to Aquinas?

<p>The attacked party's deserving nature based on fault. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Utilitarianism

An ethical theory that argues the best action is the one that maximizes overall happiness or well-being for the greatest number of people.

Virtue Ethics

An ethical theory that emphasizes character development and the cultivation of virtuous traits as the key to moral excellence.

Act Utilitarianism

A form of utilitarianism that assesses the morality of an action based on its consequences in a particular situation.

Distributive Justice

A concept in ethics dealing with the fair allocation of resources and opportunities within a society.

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Rawls's Theory of Justice

A theory proposing two principles of justice: equal basic liberties for all and equitable distribution of social and economic resources.

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Moral Agent

A person capable of making moral decisions and acting on them; a responsible actor.

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AI and Virtue

The debate about whether artificial intelligence (AI) systems can exhibit virtuous behavior.

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Ethics

The branch of philosophy that deals with moral principles and values and its application to human action.

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Prima Facie Duty

A duty that is morally binding, but can be overridden by other competing duties in certain situations.

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Kant's Absolute Duty

A duty that is always morally binding, regardless of the consequences.

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Oppression

A system of social forces that unjustly limits or restricts the agency and opportunities of a group.

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Social Group

A collection of individuals sharing common characteristics, experiences, or identities that shape their social positions and interactions.

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Five Faces of Oppression (Young)

Iris Young identified five main forms of oppression: exploitation, marginalization, powerlessness, cultural imperialism, and violence.

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Ethical Issues in Sperm Donation

Moral questions surrounding the use of donated sperm, including consent, anonymity, and the rights and responsibilities of donors, recipients, and offspring.

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First Generation College Student

An individual who is the first in their immediate family to attend college.

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Multiple Identities of FGC Students

First generation college students navigate intersecting identities based on their family background, cultural heritage, socioeconomic status, and academic aspirations.

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Age of Reason

A historical period emphasizing reason and logic as the foundation for moral and societal progress, often associated with the 18th-century Enlightenment.

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Benefits of Reason in Morality

Reasoning offers clarity, objectivity, and consistency in ethical decision-making, making it a valuable foundation for stable and just societies.

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Limitations of Reason in Morality

Reasoning alone can sometimes fail to capture the complexities of human emotions, personal values, and societal contexts in making moral judgments.

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Moral Agnosticism

The belief that it is impossible to know definitively what is morally right or wrong, leading to a reluctance to make judgments.

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Irrational Society

A society characterized by a lack of objective moral standards, leading to inconsistencies, injustices, and potentially harmful behaviors.

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Symptoms of Irrational Society

Three key signs are: 1) Tolerating morally wrong actions, 2) Justifying unethical behavior with excuses like good intentions or special circumstances, and 3) Avoiding moral judgment due to fear of responsibility.

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Moral Exemplar

An individual who exemplifies moral excellence and sets a high standard for ethical behavior, serving as a role model for others.

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Kant's Categorical Imperative

A fundamental principle in Kant's ethical theory, stating that one should act only according to rules that could be universally applied, regardless of personal desires.

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Sweatshop

A workplace with extremely poor working conditions, often characterized by low wages, long hours, unsafe environments, and lack of worker rights.

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Outsourcing

The practice of hiring a third-party company outside of the organization to perform certain tasks or services.

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Exploitation of Workers

Using workers unfairly for personal gain, often involving low wages, excessive hours, and dangerous work conditions.

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Categorical Imperative

A moral principle formulated by Immanuel Kant that states one should act only according to rules that could be universalized without contradiction.

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Terrorism?

The unlawful use of violence and intimidation, especially against civilians, in the pursuit of political aims.

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Rape Terrorism

The systematic use of rape as a weapon of war or political violence against women, girls, and boys to terrorize and subdue populations.

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Just War Theory

A set of ethical principles that seeks to provide moral justification for waging war.

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Aquinas's Just War Conditions

Three conditions for a just war according to Thomas Aquinas: declared by a legitimate authority, a just reason for war, and the goal of peace.

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Study Notes

Ethics

  • Ethics is the study of right and wrong in human conduct
  • Also known as moral philosophy
  • Concerns moral values and principles

Ethical Questions

  • Is one person's life worth more than another?
  • When should wrongdoing be forgiven?
  • Do we have a moral obligation to protect the environment?
  • Can a good person do evil things and remain good?
  • Is lying ever okay?

Moral Philosophy (Ethics)

  • Investigates the reasons why actions are right or wrong

Basis of Morality

  • Human interaction and social coexistence form the basis of morality
  • Ethical considerations concerning human interaction are central

Defining Ethics

  • Ethics concerns itself with moral right and wrong.
  • It's applied to any system or theory of moral values or principles.

What makes actions right or wrong?

  • Determining the reason for an action is key.
  • Moral philosophy identifies the reasons behind actions being either right or wrong
  • Actions are judged not only on rules but their reasons.

Why be moral?

  • Consider a world without traffic rules to understand the importance of morality.
  • Social life becomes nearly impossible without morality.
  • Actions have consequences.

Thomas Nagel's views

  • How our motivations affect our actions.
  • Moral concern for others.

Determining right and wrong actions

  • Utilitarianism, Virtue Ethics, Kant's Duty Ethics, and Prima Facie Duty are important theories.

Utilitarianism

  • The best action produces the greatest good for the greatest number of people.
  • Focuses on consequences (outcomes)
  • Happiness is desirable, and it's the only ultimate goal.

Aristotle's Virtue Ethics

  • Focuses on having a good character and acting virtuously.
  • Emphasizes character traits as determining factors of ethical actions
  • Virtue comes from habit- similar actions done repeatedly.
  • Considers the whole of a person's life, unlike focusing on singular episodes.
  • It asks " What sort of person should I be?"

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Study Guide Ethics PDF

Description

Test your understanding of Kant's ethical theory and its key aspects. This quiz covers topics such as moral agnosticism, categorical imperative, and the challenges of duty ethics. Dive into the nuances of Kant's philosophical approach and evaluate your knowledge.

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