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Questions and Answers
ما هي الميزة التي تقدمها الأسواق الرقمية لشركة معينة؟
ما هي الميزة التي تقدمها الأسواق الرقمية لشركة معينة؟
ما هي القطاعات التي تنظمها الأسواق الرقمية؟
ما هي القطاعات التي تنظمها الأسواق الرقمية؟
كيف تؤثر الأسواق الرقمية على المنافسة في المجالات الرقمية؟
كيف تؤثر الأسواق الرقمية على المنافسة في المجالات الرقمية؟
ما الذي قد يؤدي إلى عدم توازن في المنافسة في الأسواق الرقمية؟
ما الذي قد يؤدي إلى عدم توازن في المنافسة في الأسواق الرقمية؟
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ما الدور الذي تلعبه المنظمات في تعزيز الابتكار؟
ما الدور الذي تلعبه المنظمات في تعزيز الابتكار؟
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لماذا تعتبر المنافسة في الأسواق الرقمية حساسة؟
لماذا تعتبر المنافسة في الأسواق الرقمية حساسة؟
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كيف يساهم وجود المنظمات في تميز الأفراد؟
كيف يساهم وجود المنظمات في تميز الأفراد؟
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ما هي النتيجة المحتملة لغياب المنظمات عن بيئة العمل؟
ما هي النتيجة المحتملة لغياب المنظمات عن بيئة العمل؟
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ما الذي يشجع الأفراد على التميز داخل المنظمات؟
ما الذي يشجع الأفراد على التميز داخل المنظمات؟
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ما هو التأثير الرئيسي للمنظمات على الأفراد؟
ما هو التأثير الرئيسي للمنظمات على الأفراد؟
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ما هو الهدف الأساسي من مكافحة الممارسات المنافية للمنافسة؟
ما هو الهدف الأساسي من مكافحة الممارسات المنافية للمنافسة؟
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أي من الممارسات التالية يُعتبر تمييزًا غير مشروع؟
أي من الممارسات التالية يُعتبر تمييزًا غير مشروع؟
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ما هو النوع الرئيسي من التواطؤ بين الشركات؟
ما هو النوع الرئيسي من التواطؤ بين الشركات؟
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أي من الاجراءات يعتبر فعالًا في مكافحة ممارسات التمييز في الأسعار؟
أي من الاجراءات يعتبر فعالًا في مكافحة ممارسات التمييز في الأسعار؟
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ما هي الآثار السلبية للتواطؤ بين الشركات؟
ما هي الآثار السلبية للتواطؤ بين الشركات؟
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Study Notes
Course Information
- Course Title: Competition Law
- Course Code: Not specified
- Academic Year: 2025/2024
- Department: Economic Sciences
- Specialization: Economic Analysis and Forecasting
- University: University of Blida 2, Lounici
- Instructor: فارس مسدور
Lecture 1: Nature of Competition
- Competition is crucial for success and survival in today's business world.
- It drives innovation and improvement in performance.
- Competition is a process where individuals or groups compete for a common goal or limited resources.
Lecture 2: Characteristics of Competition and its Rules
- Characteristics:
- Number of competitors: Many companies create varied customer choices.
- Product variety: Provides options to meet diverse needs.
- Pricing: Competition influences price reduction or quality enhancement.
- Marketing: Innovative marketing for customer attraction and market share.
- Service quality: Improves customer experience and satisfaction.
- Technology: Improves efficiency and reduces costs.
- Innovation: Develops new and enhanced products for changing needs.
- Rules:
- Transparency: Companies disclose product details to empower consumer decisions.
- Non-monopoly: Prevents market control, ensuring fair competition and new players.
- Consumer protection: Safeguards consumer rights from unfair business practices.
- Fair competition: Encourages quality and price based competition rather than unethical practices.
- Anti-competitive practices: Actions against price discrimination and collusion.
- Continuous innovation: Encourages product and service improvement to strengthen competitiveness.
- Market access: Ensures equal opportunities for all companies.
- Adherence to laws and regulations: Companies must comply with competition regulations.
Lecture 3: Differences Between Competition and Competitiveness
- Competitiveness: A company's ability to succeed compared to others, focusing on efficiency, quality, and cost reduction.
- Competition: A struggle between companies in the market (e.g., attracting customers or increasing market share)
Lecture 4: Nature of Competition Law and its Aspects
- Competition Law: A framework ensuring fair competition by prohibiting practices that obstruct or restrict it.
- Aspects:
- Mergers & Acquisitions: Evaluating the impact of mergers and acquisitions on the market.
- Unfair Business Practices: Avoiding deceptive advertising, fraudulent practices, and restrictive contracts.
- Government Aids: Ensuring that government subsidies don't unfairly favor specific companies.
- Intellectual Property: Balance between IP protection and encouraging innovation.
- Sectoral Regulation: The impact of regulations on competition in sectors.
Lecture 5: Unfair Competitive Practices
- Unfair competitive practices: Actions by companies to undermine fair competition in the market by seeking an unfair or unethical advantage, harming consumers, competitors, or the market in general.
- Monopoly: Complete or partial market control.
- Collusive agreements: Price fixing, output restriction, or market sharing.
- Predatory pricing: Selling below cost to eliminate competitors and manipulate costs later.
- Imitation: Duplicating products or brands to deceive consumers.
- Spreading false information: Spreading inaccurate information to diminish consumer confidence in competing products or services.
Lecture 6: Competition Rules
- Rules ensure fair and transparent markets, improving product and service quality and affordability.
- Key components:
- Transparency: Ensuring accurate & comprehensive product and service data.
- Non-monopoly practices: Preventing complete or partial market control.
- Consumer Protection: Establishing safeguards against unfair practices.
- Fair Competition: Promotion of competition based on quality & value, rather than unethical practices.
- Anti-competitive practices: Addressing price discrimination & collusion between companies.
- Continuous innovation: Promoting company improvements.
- Market Access: Ensuring equal access opportunities for competitors.
- Legal Compliance: Companies must comply with relevant laws & regulations for a fair market.
Lecture 7: Characteristics of the Competition Law
- Free-market principles: Ensuring open competition among companies.
- Preventing monopolies: Stopping firms from taking control of market sectors.
- Preventing anti-competitive behavior: Preventing arrangements or activities that hurt competition, like price fixing or market allocation.
- Encouraging innovation: Promotion of product & service advancement.
- Consumer protection: Protecting consumers from exploitation.
- Supervision & Implementation: Implementing legal controls and penalties.
- Inclusivity: Applying to all sector types.
- Adaptability: Responding to innovations.
- Fairness & Objectivity: Ensuring equality in competition and avoiding unwarranted preferences.
Lecture 8: Content of Competition Law
- Competition law aims to ensure a fair and competitive market, safeguarding consumers and preventing monopolistic practices detrimental to the economy.
Lecture 9: Objectives of Competition Law
- Objectives: To promote economic efficiency, safeguard consumers, encourage competition and innovation, and foster fair markets.
Lecture 10: Sources of Competition Law
- Sources: National legislation, international agreements, regulations, and general principles.
Lecture 11: Evolution of Algerian Competition Law
- Stages: Pre-1990s (state control), 1990s & beyond (market liberalization, legislation adaptation).
Lecture 12: Scope of Application of Competition Law
- Scope:
- Activities: Covering all sectors, including public institutions and organizations like NGOs.
- Geographical: Applying to actions within national boundaries, with regard to the effects on local markets.
- Actors: Targeting all parties influencing the local market, including individuals and businesses.
Lecture 13: Competitiveness of Investment Opportunities in Algeria
- Factors affecting competitiveness:
- Natural resources: Oil, gas, phosphates; supporting investment in energy, mining, and industrial sectors.
- Local market: Algeria's large market with potential.
- Investment laws: supportive laws aimed at stimulating and securing investor rights.
- Strategic location: Bridging African and European markets.
- Skilled workforce: Utilizing Algeria's youth and skilled labor forces.
- Economic diversification: Reducing dependency on oil & gas to foster a more diversified economy.
- Challenges:
- Bureaucracy: Complex and slow administrative procedures.
- Infrastructure: Inadequate infrastructure impacting production costs .
- Volatile energy prices: Economic instability caused by energy price fluctuations.
- Lack of competition: Limited competitive pressure in some sectors.
- Corruption: Hindering investment and hindering market participation.
- Opportunities:
- Diverse economic sectors: agriculture, manufacturing, and tourism.
- Infrastructure development: Opportunities to build infrastructure.
- Tourism potential: Wealth of cultural heritage and natural beauty fostering tourism.
Lecture 14: Competition and Pricing Laws in Algeria
- Objectives: Protecting fair competition and reasonable prices, improving transactional transparency.
- Aspects of Price Control: Setting maximum prices in essential sectors and monitoring prices to remain within acceptable limits.
Lecture 15: Types of Companies and Their Characteristics
- Types of companies (based on person/wealth):
- Partnership companies: Unlimited liability for partners.
- Limited liability companies (SARL): Limited liabilities for partners.
- Joint-stock companies (SA): Divided into shares, limited partner responsibility.
Lecture 16: Self-Employed Individuals (Freelancers)
- Characterization: Freelancers operate independently.
- Benefits: Flexibility, autonomy, potentially higher profit margins, personal growth.
- Requirements/conditions to become self-employed: Registration and adherence to legal requirements, operating within permitted business categories, annual activity limits.
- Activities: Consulting, specialized technical services, e-commerce, digital services (website design, programming, marketing), and other suitable businesses.
Lecture 17: Consumer Protection
- Aims: Protecting consumer rights and ensuring access to safe and fair products/services.
- Importance: Safe products, accurate information, protection from deceptive practices, and rights to return/exchange goods.
- Consumer rights: Access to accurate information, product safety, choice, and redress.
Lecture 18: Multiple Producers and Consumers
- Importance: Increased competition, diverse choices, production efficiency, and increased market responsiveness.
- Factors influencing multiple producers/consumers: Economic freedom, property rights, infrastructure, and government regulation.
- Economic impacts: Stimulating economic growth, reducing unemployment, and prompting research & development.
Lecture 19: Transparency in Business Relations
- Importance: Building trust and strengthening business ties.
- Types of Transparency:
- Between professionals: Clear communication, knowledge sharing, and responsibility sharing.
- Between professionals and consumers: Providing accurate information on products/services, processes, and addressing customer needs.
Lecture 20: E-commerce and Competition Law
- E-commerce: Using the internet, social media, and various online platforms to promote goods/services.
- Strategies: SEO, email marketing, PPC ads, social media marketing.
- Competition law: Preventing monopolistic practices and ensuring fair competitions.
Lecture 21: Risks of Agreements That Impede Competition
- Potential risks: Price hikes, deterioration in product/service quality, reduced innovation, and consumer deception.
- Types of Agreements: Territorial market segmentation, price-fixing, sharing sensitive information, and rejecting new entrants.
Lecture 22: Competition Council Structures
- Structures:
- Functional: Investigation, studies, complaints, public relations, legal affairs, planning & follow-up, human resources.
- Administrative: National Council, executive board, advisory committee, disciplinary committee, and judicial committee.
- Technical: Information systems, analytical systems, legal systems, and financial systems.
- International: WTO, Latin American Economic Organization, and European Antitrust Organization.
- Other: Training and evaluation committees, and complaints committees.
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Description
تتناول هذه المحاضرات طبيعة المنافسة وخصائصها وقواعدها. تناقش أهمية المنافسة في تعزيز الابتكار وتحسين الأداء في السوق، بالإضافة إلى كيفية تأثيرها على التسعير وجودة المنتجات والخدمات.
