15 Questions
Match the following terms with their descriptions:
Kanban = Lean method to manage and improve work across human systems Just-in-time = Production system with the objective of producing according to customer demand Scrum = Framework commonly used in combination with Kanban boards in software development Toyota Production System = Inspiration for the underlying method of Kanban
Match the following concepts with their characteristics:
Capacity balancing = Managing work by balancing demands with available capacity Visual process management = Aids decision-making about what, when, and how much to produce Pull system = Work is pulled as capacity permits, rather than pushed into the process when requested Bottleneck improvement = Aims to improve the handling of system-level bottlenecks
Match the following terms with their usage in software development:
Kanban board = Visualizes work items and process from start to finish Lean manufacturing = Originated the underlying method of Kanban Client-side scripting = Common usage of JavaScript in web applications Process management system = Aims to provide a visual system aiding decision-making in knowledge work and software development
Match the following historical events with their significance:
Late 1940s = Origin of the Toyota automotive company implementing just-in-time production system Corbis team realization = Realized how Toyota's method could be applicable to any type of organizational process Toyota Production System inspiration = Inspired the underlying method of Kanban Combination with Scrum = Commonly used in software development with Kanban boards
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Styling web pages = Primary usage of CSS Work visualization = Gives participants a view of progress and process via a kanban board General-purpose programming = Primary usage of Python Database queries = Primary usage of SQL
Match the following lean method terms with their meanings:
Kanban = Method to manage and improve work across human systems Just-in-time = Objective of producing according to customer demand and identifying material shortages Lean manufacturing = Inspired by the Toyota Production System Scrum = Framework commonly used in software development in combination with Kanban
Match the following terms related to software development with their descriptions:
Kanban board = Visual process management system which aids decision-making about production Client-side scripting = Scripting for web applications executed on the client's browser General-purpose programming = Programming language suitable for a wide range of applications Visualized work items = Gives participants a view of progress and process, usually via a board
Match the following historical events with their significance:
Toyota Production System = Inspired the lean manufacturing and Kanban method Late 1940s Toyota implementation of just-in-time production = Objective of producing according to customer demand and identifying material shortages Corbis realization of Toyota's method applicability = Realized how Toyota's method could become applicable to any organizational process Combination of Scrum and Kanban in software development = Commonly used framework combination in software development
Match the following terms with their origins or inspirations:
Kanban method = Originated in lean manufacturing inspired by Toyota Production System Just-in-time production system = Originated from late 1940s Toyota automotive company implementation Lean manufacturing = Inspired by the Toyota Production System Scrum framework = Commonly used in software development in combination with Kanban
Match the following concepts with their application areas:
Kanban method = Commonly used in software development in combination with Scrum Just-in-time production system = Applicable to any type of organizational process Lean manufacturing = Applied to improve work across human systems Scrum framework = Commonly used in software development in combination with Kanban
Define psychological testing and explain the process of administering psychological tests.
Psychological testing refers to the administration of psychological tests, which are administered or scored by trained evaluators. A person's responses are evaluated according to carefully prescribed guidelines. Scores are thought to reflect individual or group differences in the construct the test purports to measure.
What are psychological tests designed to measure, and what are some examples of tasks included in these tests?
Psychological tests are designed to measure unobserved constructs, also known as latent variables. They can include a series of tasks, problems to solve, and characteristics (e.g., behaviors, symptoms) the presence of which the respondent affirms/denies to varying degrees.
How do questionnaire- and interview-based scales differ from psychoeducational tests?
Questionnaire- and interview-based scales typically ask for the respondent's typical behavior, while psychoeducational tests ask for a respondent's maximum performance.
What are the essential characteristics of a useful psychological test or scale?
A useful psychological test/scale must be both valid, i.e., show evidence that the test or scale measures what it is purported to measure, and reliable, i.e., show evidence of consistency across items and raters and over time.
What is the science behind psychological testing, and what do Anastasi and Urbina define as the basis of psychological tests?
The science behind psychological testing is psychometrics. According to Anastasi and Urbina, psychological tests involve observations made on a carefully chosen sample of an individual's behavior.
Study Notes
Psychological Testing
- Psychological testing is the process of administering standardized tests to assess an individual's mental abilities, skills, and traits.
Process of Administering Psychological Tests
- The process involves selecting a test, preparing the test-taker, administering the test, scoring the test, and interpreting the results.
Purpose of Psychological Tests
- Designed to measure various aspects of an individual's psychological functioning, such as cognitive abilities, personality traits, and emotional functioning.
Examples of Psychological Tests
- Tasks may include problem-solving, puzzles, questionnaires, interviews, and behavioral observations.
Types of Psychological Tests
- Questionnaire- and interview-based scales: assess self-reported attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors.
- Psychoeducational tests: measure cognitive abilities, such as intelligence, memory, and achievement.
Characteristics of a Useful Psychological Test
- Essential characteristics include:
- Reliability: consistency in measuring the same trait.
- Validity: accuracy in measuring what it claims to measure.
- Standardization: uniform administration and scoring procedures.
- Norms: established standards for comparison.
Science Behind Psychological Testing
- The science behind psychological testing is based on the concept of individual differences, which acknowledges that people vary in their psychological characteristics.
- Anastasi and Urbina define the basis of psychological tests as the notion that "psychological tests are standardized measures of individual differences in various psychological functions and traits."
Test your knowledge of the Kanban method, a lean approach to managing and improving work across human systems. Learn about visualizing work, balancing demands with capacity, and handling system-level bottlenecks.
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