Kahulugan at Kahalagahan ng Wika

Kahulugan at Kahalagahan ng Wika

• Jose Rizal defined language as the thought of the people
• Language facilitates the expression of one's thoughts and is important for individual self-expression.
• Virgilio Almario stated that a person's language defines their identity or personality
• The Filipino language is not inferior and poses no hindrance to the country's progress.
• Bayani Abadilla (2002) emphasized language's significant role in shaping consciousness
• Using one's own language preserves Filipino identity and shapes personality and thinking.
• Carlos P. Romulo indicated the necessity of one's own language to maintain a unique identity
• Language is a mark of one's identity and ethnic origins.
• Lope K. Santos described language as evolving from the public vernacular
• New words are formed through daily communication.
• Claro M. Recto stressed unity through a common language which is Filipino
• A language can unify a nation, and the national language should be enriched.
• Renato Constantino defined one's own language as the key to national unity
• Education in one's own language leads to genuine learning
• Mario L. Miclat (2001) characterized language as a means of storing knowledge
• Language accumulates experiences from the past, removing the need for each generation to restart learning.
• Randy David (1999) stated that no complex thought cannot be expressed in one's own language
• Language is a powerful tool for expressing any idea

Wika at Kultura

• Zeus Salazar stated that language not only expresses but also holds culture
• Language and culture cannot be separated.
• Paz Belvez declares Filipino as her identity and national language
• Filipino is a mix of native languages enriched by foreign languages, yet it maintains its own identity.
• Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky (1978) proposed language aids the brain in processing information
• People cannot think effectively without language.
• Henry Gleason described language as a systematic structure of spoken sounds, which is arbitrary
• Every language has a system, rules, and culture that are interconnected.

Katangian ng Wika (Characteristics of Language)

• Language is composed of sounds originating from mimicking sounds in the environment
• Every sound has a corresponding letter or symbol.
• The nature of Language is arbitrary through unique alphabets, writing systems, and meanings
• The nature of Language is dynamic through changes over time as well as additions through borrowing, translation, and word creation.
• Every language has its own unique characteristics, with Filipino having "n" and "ng" absent in English.

Mga Pilosopiyang Pangwika (Language Philosophies)

• Edward Sapir describes language as an anonymous, collective, and unconscious art resulting from creativity; it expresses impressions or meanings.
• Samuel Taylor Coleridge describes language as an "armory" in the human brain, storing past achievements and defending against life's challenges, and serving as a repository of a nation's culture.
• Ludwig Wittgenstein (1953) theorized language limitations limit one's world
• Difficulty arises in understanding languages unknown to oneself.
• Noam Chomsky stated language is a process of free creation with fixed principles, but its usage is free and variable.
• Ronald Wardhaugh (1986) language reflects gender bias, with words exclusive to males or females and pro/anti-gender terms
• The term "Ina" is used in "Inang Kalikasan," "Inang Bayan," and "Inang Wika," but there is no "Amang Kalikasan" or "Amang Wika."
• In weddings, the bride has "bridal gown, bridal shower, bridesmaid," while men are expected to be strong, disciplined, and unemotional.
• Benjamin Lee Whorf (1996) stated that the meaning of language is based on the human-constructed environment and words relate to experience.

Mga Teorya sa Pagkatuto ng Wika (Theories of Language Learning)

• B.F. Skinner's behaviorist theory claimed children learn through imitating adults, with language developing when needs are met and praise is given
• Repetitive use of language aids in learning through habit formation.
• Noam Chomsky's innateness theory indicated that children possess a Language Acquisition Device (LAD) from birth and are naturally language learners, improving through listening.
• Jean Piaget's cognitive theory claims language is part of a child's intellectual development
• Understanding a concept is necessary before correctly naming it.
• A child cannot use "big" or "small" without understanding size concepts.
• Jerome Bruner's interaction theory posits interaction between child and caregiver is crucial for language learning
• Bruner used the Language Acquisition Support System (LASS) concept to complement Chomsky's LAD.
• Language develops from the human need to communicate.

Mga Istejes o Yugto sa Pagkatuto ng Wika (Stages of Language Learning)

• George A. Miller and Patricia M. Gildea (1987) theorized children learn thirteen words daily and five thousand words annually, with speech developing more with more conversational partners.

Mga Salik na Nakakaapekto sa Pagkatuto ng Wika (Factors Affecting Language Learning)

• Interaction with the environment
• Facilitates faster learning if a child constantly interacts and hears language used around them.
• Rewards and reinforcement
• Positive feedback from adults aids in language learning.
• Cognitive development
• Easier language learning occurs with proper mental development.
• Experience and exploration
• Socializing, reading, and watching enhances language learning.

Mga Proseso ng Pagkatuto ng Wika (Processes of Language Learning)

• Recognition of Phonemes (smallest units of sound)
• Formation of Syllables and Words
• Constructing Sentences
• Understanding Meaning
• Actual Use of Language

Sa Yugto ng Pag-unlad ng Wika ng Bata (Stages of Child Language Development)

• Mature speech involves speaking in sentences with consideration of grammar and sentence structure.
• Complex sentences involve the ability to form phrases, sentences, and simple paragraphs.
• Children begin to ask questions and require responses.
• The child starts to form words.
• Two-word utterances involve combining two words
• A single word is formed in the holophrastic stage.
• Intonation involves recognizing combinations of sounds/letters and intonation.
• Babbling involves uttering mixed vowel and consonant sounds.
• Cooing involves producing "gargling" or "mewing" sounds, consisting of vowel-like sounds.
• Crying begins with "Uha," the first sound of a baby.

Kahulugan ng Pagbasa (Definition of Reading)

• Reading involves understanding and constructing meaning from written text.
• Reading is a complex cognitive process involving acquiring, recognizing, and understanding information to create meaning.
• Reading allows learning language and recognizing words used in communication.
• Ideas read are representations of language as symbols that can be seen, read, and touched.
• Reading aids in mental development and activates eye muscles.

Apat na Mahahalagang Proseso ng Pagbasa (Four Important Reading Processes)

• Perception involves recognizing words and symbols.
• Comprehension involves understanding what is being read.
• Interpretation involves analyzing the content.
• Application involves using knowledge from reading in different situations.

Layunin ng Pagbasa (Purposes of Reading)

• Fluency involves reading smoothly, correctly, and with proper expression, including pronunciation, speed, and intonation, achieved through practice.
• Comprehension involves ability to understand, reflect upon, and learn from reading, including grasping main ideas, details, and author's intent.
• Motivation involves reading that strengthens interest in learning, helping expose one's access to books, newspapers, and articles to develop reading habits.

Pagbasa ayon sa mga siyentista at teorista (Reading according to scientists and theorists:)

• Dechant (1991) divides reading into interpreting experiences based on personal experiences and understanding graphic symbols, where complete reading requires comprehension.
• Weaver stated successful reading depends on understanding the reading process and using good reading strategies.
• Adams indicated effective reading depends on detailed recognition of letters, words, and correct spelling
• Familiarity with words makes understanding the text easier.
• Barr, Sadow, and Blachowicz (1990) proposed reading that is an active process that involves the reader interacting with the text to reconstruct the author's message
• The reader's prior knowledge is important in creating meaning.
• Flesch (1955) viewed reading as obtaining meaning from letter combinations and children learn to read by knowing letters, correct pronunciation, and spelling.
• Hank (1983) defined reading as understanding meaning from printed or written material and providing interpretation.
• Bond and Tinker (1967) proposed reading as recognizing written symbols that convey meaning based on the reader's experience.
• Goodman (1973) describes reading is a "Psycholinguistic Guessing Game" where readers create meaning through guessing, predicting, reviewing, and interpreting the text.
• Coady (1979) elaborated Goodman's theory, explaining to fully understand text, readers must connect prior knowledge with new information learned.
• G. James Lee Valentine (2000) stated reading is the "food" for our brain, expanding on our existing knowledge
• Klein, Peterson, and Simington (1991) presented four main characteristics of reading: a process, a strategic activity, an interactive activity, and necessary for proper teaching.

Proseso ng Pagbasa (Reading Process)

• Psychological Process: Schema Theory indicates that texts lack their own meaning
• The meaning is created when the reader connects it to their prior knowledge and background knowledge
• The background knowledge of the reader serves as the schema used to understand the text.
• Interactive Reading Process involves asking questions while reading and using strategies to understand and explain the text, and also involves interaction between the author and the reader.
• Frank Smith's 1978 Reading Model is a linear model that explains how a reader gradually understands what is read
• Progressing from text recognition to letter recognition to word recognition, leading to comprehension.