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Questions and Answers
How did the invention of the printing press contribute to the Protestant Reformation?
How did the invention of the printing press contribute to the Protestant Reformation?
- It facilitated the widespread dissemination of Martin Luther's 95 Theses, accelerating the spread of his reformist ideas. (correct)
- It led to the quicker construction of grand cathedrals, symbolizing the Catholic Church's strength and discouraging dissent.
- It allowed for the mass production of ornate musical scores, enriching church services and diminishing criticisms.
- It enabled the creation of complex polyphonic musical arrangements that drowned out the call for simpler, more understandable religious expression.
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of a 'motet' during the Renaissance period?
Which of the following is a defining characteristic of a 'motet' during the Renaissance period?
- A secular Italian song for a solo voice with instrumental accompaniment.
- A simple, monophonic melody used in Gregorian chants.
- A lively instrumental dance in triple meter, often paired with a pavan.
- A multi-voiced, sacred composition typically performed without instruments. (correct)
In what way did the concept of Humanism influence musical composition during the Renaissance?
In what way did the concept of Humanism influence musical composition during the Renaissance?
- Musical forms became more rigid and structured, mirroring the order believed to exist in the cosmos.
- Music focused on the inherent worth and emotional expression of individuals. (correct)
- Composers restricted themselves to sacred texts, believing secular themes were unworthy of musical expression.
- Composers began to favor complex polyphonic textures to reflect the intricate nature of the divine.
Which pair of dances provides a contrasting example of tempo and meter?
Which pair of dances provides a contrasting example of tempo and meter?
What is the relationship between 'plainsong', 'plainchant', and 'chant'?
What is the relationship between 'plainsong', 'plainchant', and 'chant'?
Which composer is most associated with pioneering the organum style and is considered one of the earliest composers of the Notre Dame school of polyphony?
Which composer is most associated with pioneering the organum style and is considered one of the earliest composers of the Notre Dame school of polyphony?
A composer is known for blending Medieval and Renaissance musical styles and using cantus firmus in masses. Which period did this composer bridge?
A composer is known for blending Medieval and Renaissance musical styles and using cantus firmus in masses. Which period did this composer bridge?
Which of the following best describes a key development in Renaissance music compared to its preceding period?
Which of the following best describes a key development in Renaissance music compared to its preceding period?
Which composer and reformer advocated for the use of vernacular language in church services and composed many hymns?
Which composer and reformer advocated for the use of vernacular language in church services and composed many hymns?
In the context of the Mass, what distinguishes the 'Mass Proper' from the 'Mass Ordinary'?
In the context of the Mass, what distinguishes the 'Mass Proper' from the 'Mass Ordinary'?
What is a significant characteristic that the music of Ancient Greeks and the music of the Medieval era shared?
What is a significant characteristic that the music of Ancient Greeks and the music of the Medieval era shared?
Which of the following instruments was commonly used during both the Medieval and Renaissance periods?
Which of the following instruments was commonly used during both the Medieval and Renaissance periods?
Which of the following musical textures was predominantly featured in Medieval music?
Which of the following musical textures was predominantly featured in Medieval music?
Guillaume de Machaut was a composer and diplomat, most known for writing in which tradition?
Guillaume de Machaut was a composer and diplomat, most known for writing in which tradition?
How did Josquin Des Prez contribute to the development of Renaissance music?
How did Josquin Des Prez contribute to the development of Renaissance music?
What musical element was absent in both Ancient Greek and Medieval music?
What musical element was absent in both Ancient Greek and Medieval music?
What was Lorenzo the Magnificent's primary contribution to the Renaissance?
What was Lorenzo the Magnificent's primary contribution to the Renaissance?
Which composer's work often epitomized the Counter-Reformation and is seen as leading in the the Roman School of music's development?
Which composer's work often epitomized the Counter-Reformation and is seen as leading in the the Roman School of music's development?
Which musical texture is characterized by a single, unaccompanied melodic line?
Which musical texture is characterized by a single, unaccompanied melodic line?
Which composer is associated with the Medieval composition Viderunt omnes (12th Century)?
Which composer is associated with the Medieval composition Viderunt omnes (12th Century)?
Which genre is Puis qu'en oubli sui de vous by Machaut representative of?
Which genre is Puis qu'en oubli sui de vous by Machaut representative of?
Which of the following textural descriptions best fits Josquin Desprez's Ave Maria?
Which of the following textural descriptions best fits Josquin Desprez's Ave Maria?
Thomas Weelkes's As Vesta Was From Latmos Hill Descending is an example of which genre?
Thomas Weelkes's As Vesta Was From Latmos Hill Descending is an example of which genre?
Which is the term for a pre-existing melody used as the foundation for a new composition?
Which is the term for a pre-existing melody used as the foundation for a new composition?
William Byrd's Pavana Lachrymae is based on a work by which composer?
William Byrd's Pavana Lachrymae is based on a work by which composer?
In which era was Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass composed?
In which era was Palestrina's Pope Marcellus Mass composed?
Flashcards
Melisma
Melisma
Several notes sung to one syllable of text.
Motet
Motet
A multi-voice, unaccompanied sacred song form.
Madrigal
Madrigal
Secular Italian song, 4-5 parts, one singer per part.
Humanism
Humanism
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Chant
Chant
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Plainchant
Plainchant
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Organum
Organum
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Monophony
Monophony
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Polyphony
Polyphony
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Homophony
Homophony
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Cantus firmus
Cantus firmus
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Church Modes
Church Modes
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Leonin
Leonin
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Hildegard of Bingen
Hildegard of Bingen
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Giovanni Palestrina
Giovanni Palestrina
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Martin Luther
Martin Luther
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Guillaume Dufay
Guillaume Dufay
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Guillaume de Machaut
Guillaume de Machaut
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Medieval vs. Renaissance Music
Medieval vs. Renaissance Music
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Renaissance Music
Renaissance Music
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Mass Proper
Mass Proper
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Mass Ordinary
Mass Ordinary
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Josquin Des Prez
Josquin Des Prez
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Motives
Motives
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Study Notes
- Be able to identify the Genre, Form, Era (Medieval or Renaissance), Texture (monophonic, polyphonic, homophonic), Language (if sung) and Composer for Songs
Viderunt omnes (5th century)
- Era: Medieval
- Texture: Monophonic
- Language: Latin phrase meaning “all shall see"
- Composer- Anonymous
- Form- Organum
O virdissima Virga
- Era: Medieval
- Texture: Monophonic
- Language: Latin phrase meaning "O most verdant branch"
- Composer- Hildergard of Bingen
- Genre- Latin chant
- Form- Plainchant
Viderunt omnes (12th Century)
- Era: Medieval
- Texture: Polyphonic
- Language: Latin phrase meaning “all shall see"
- Composer- Leonin
- Genre- Organum (Scared Polyphony)
- Form- Chant
Puis qu'en oubli sui de vous
- Era: Medieval
- Texture: Polyphonic
- Language: Medieval French phrase meaning "Since you have forgotten me"
- Composer- Machaut
- Genre: Rondeau
- Form- Chanson
Mass Se la face ay pale, Kyrie
- Era: Renaissance
- Texture: Polyphonic
- Language: Old French phrase meaning “if the face is pale"
- Composer- Guillaume DuFay
- Genre: Chanson
- Form- Mass
Ave Maria
- Era: Renaissance
- Texture: Homophony
- Language: Latin phrase meaning "Hail Mary"
Composer- Josquin Desprez
- Genre: Motet
- Form- Strophic AA AB
Pope Marcellus Mass, Kyrie
- Era: Renaissance
- Texture: Polyphonic
- Language: Sang in Latin
- Composer- Palestrina
- Genre: Mass
- Form: Rondeau -ABaAabAB
As Vesta was from Latmos Hill Descending
- Era: Renaissance
- Texture: Polyphonic (Choir 6-voice)
- Language: Sang in English
- Tonal
- Composer- Thomas Weelkes
- Genre: English Madrigal
Pavana Lachrymae
- Era: Renaissance
- Form- Pavan
- Form: Variation
- Instrument: Instrumental Solo
- Composer: William Byrd
- Based on John Dowland's Lute song "Flow My Tears"
Terms, Ideas, and Movements
- Cantus firmus: provides the foundational melodic line used in the basis of a piece.
- Organum: Polyphony produced in Paris in the late 12th and early 13th centuries
- Church Modes: A set of eight scalar arrangements of whole and half tones used in medieval church music.
- Monophony: Having only a single melodic line
- Polyphony: Literally “many voices;" multiple musical lines heard simultaneously, competing for attention.
- Homophony: Where a melody is played or sung with supporting harmony.
- Melisma: Several notes sung on one syllable
- Motet: A form of church music to be sung by several voices usually without accompanying instruments and with several melodies woven together
- Madrigal: Secular Italian genre in four or five parts, with one singer per part
- Humanism: Based on the idea that individual humans have beauty, worth, virtue, and dignity
95 Theses (Martin Luther)
-
Document that outlined abuses in the Catholic Church
-
Copies were spread through the printing press
-
Luther excommunicated and declared an outlaw by Holy Roman Empire
-
Counter Reformation: Reaction of the Catholic Church to the Protestant Reformation
-
Protestant Reformation: German monk Martin Luther set in motion reforms to the church in 1517
-
Chanson: Love songs in one, two, or three parts
-
Pavan: Slow, ceremonial dance in duple meter
-
Galliard: sprightly, fast dance in triple meter
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Chant: Plainsong, plainchant, chant: monophonic melody set to text in Roman Catholic Liturgy
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Liturgy: text and music used in worship (Roman Catholic Church)
- Notated church music w/ Latin texts
-
Neumes: dashes, dots, and curved, Hook-like figures could be used to Represent musical Notes
Gregorian Chant
- St. Gregory (ca. 590-604)
- Around 600: began setting standards for liturgy and encouraged uniform practices in singing chant
- church modes
- Unison
- Responsorial
- No rhythmic markings
- No notated instruments
Divine Office and the Mass
- Divine Office:
- Extended series of services beginning around 4 a.m. and continuing at regular intervals throughout the day and evening
- Practiced chiefly in monastery and featured readings of scriptures and prayers, in addition to singing of psalms, other scriptures, and hymns
Composers and their Significance
- Leonin
- One of the earliest composers associated with the Notre Dame school of polyphony
- Credited with pioneering the organum style
- Hildegard of Bingen
- Unique melodic style
- Some of the earliest examples of liturgical drama
- Giovanni Palestrina (Pope Marcellus Mass)
- Master of Renaissance polyphonic choral music
- Seen as the leading figure in the development of the Roman school of Music
- Works often epitomized the Counter-Reformation
- Martin Luther
- Reformed the liturgy of the protestant church
- Composed many hymns
- Advocated for the use of vernacular language
- Guillaume Dufay
- Leading composer of the early Renaissance
- One of the first to effectively blend medieval and Renaissance musical styles
- Use of cantus firmus in his masses was influential in shaping Renaissance polyphony
- Bridged gap between Medieval and Renaissance music
- Born near Brussels
- Choirboy at the cathedral of Cambrai
- Sang in papal choir
- Created music for high profile events
- Involved in the development of the international style
- Guillaume de Machaut (ca. 1300-1377)
- Diplomat who served French and Bohemian kings
- Worked as a cleric at the Cathedral of Rheims
- Known for being a major composer and major poet
- Many poems were part of the trouvère tradition of courtly love
- Produced long narrative poems
- Secular poetry written in French, not Latin
- Turn to vernacular styles: significant development in the later Middle Ages
- Set many of his poems to music – Monophony or polyphony in 2-3 voices
Similarities Between Music of the Ancient Greeks and the Music of the Medieval Era
- Church modes, or modes
- Everything in both is modal and not tonal
- Scale-like arrangement of pitches
- Ionian
- Dorian
- Phrygian
- Lydian
- Monophonic
- One Melodic Line, no harmonies
- No prescribed rhythms
- No set rhythms to follow
Major/General Differences Between the Music of the Medieval Era and the Music of the Renaissance
- Medieval music was largely monophonic (single melody line) focused heavily on religious themes.
- Renaissance music became more polyphonic (multiple independent melodic lines) with greater complexity, incorporating both religious and secular themes, and utilizing a wider variety of instruments and musical technique.
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