Lecture 18 – Protein structure: Amino acids, Equilibrium and pH

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Questions and Answers

What is the capital of France? (example question)

  • Paris (correct)
  • London
  • Berlin
  • Madrid

What does pH measure?

  • The concentration of hydroxide ions
  • The concentration of hydrogen ions (correct)
  • The concentration of carbon dioxide
  • The concentration of ammonia

What is the formula for calculating pH?

  • pH = log [H+]
  • pH = -log [H+] (correct)
  • pH = [H+] × 10
  • pH = 1/[H+]

Which of the following groups is NOT part of an amino acid?

<p>Hydroxyl group (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of structure do L and D amino acids represent?

<p>Stereoisomers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the charge of amino acids when the pH is increased?

<p>They become more negatively charged. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the equilibrium constant (K) in chemical reactions?

<p>It represents the ratio of products to reactants at equilibrium. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true for strong acids?

<p>They fully dissociate in solution. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a high acid dissociation constant (Ka) indicate?

<p>Strong acid (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a zwitterion?

<p>A molecule with both positive and negative charges (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which equation can be used to calculate the pH of a buffer solution?

<p>Henderson-Hasselbalch equation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common biological buffer?

<p>Bicarbonate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of an amino acid predominates at a low pH?

<p>Protonated form (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of increasing temperature on chemical equilibrium?

<p>It shifts the equilibrium to favor products, depending on the reaction. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do you call the species that forms when an acid donates a proton?

<p>Conjugate base (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is classified as polar?

<p>Serine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the protonation state of amino acids when pH increases above their pKa?

<p>They become deprotonated. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid has a side chain that can form hydrogen bonds?

<p>Glutamine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding weak acids?

<p>They partially dissociate in solution. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of buffers in biological systems?

<p>To maintain stable pH levels (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At which pH do amino acids typically exist as zwitterions?

<p>Varies depending on the amino acid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between the pKa of an acid and its strength?

<p>Lower pKa indicates stronger acids. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the equilibrium constant (K) if the concentration of products increases?

<p>K remains the same. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which property of water makes it an excellent solvent for polar substances?

<p>Its ability to form hydrogen bonds (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of a buffer when an acid is added to a solution?

<p>The pH remains relatively stable. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which amino acid is known for its unique cyclic structure?

<p>Proline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does pH affect enzyme activity?

<p>Extreme pH can denature enzymes and alter their activity. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of compound is formed when an acid reacts with a base?

Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following amino acids is essential for protein synthesis?

<p>Lysine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the bicarbonate buffer system in the human body?

<p>To maintain blood pH (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Capital of France (example flashcard)

Paris

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