K to 12 Program Key Stage 2 & Multiliteracy Approaches

• The K to 12 Program has 4 key stages.
• Key Stage 2 of the K to 12 Program includes Grades 4 to 6.

21st Century Skills

• Information, Media, and Technology Skills involve competence in using digital platforms for communication, collaboration, and problem-solving.
• Communication Skills involve articulating ideas clearly and persuasively.
• Digital citizenship includes protecting personal information, respecting intellectual property, maintaining a healthy online/offline balance and a positive online presence.

Multiliteracy Approaches

• Visual modes of multiliteracy include pictures, videos, and colors.
• Communicative competence refers to an individual's ability to communicate effectively.
• Grammatical/Linguistic competence is the understanding of basic grammatical principles such as punctuations, syntax and language convention.
• Sociolinguistic competence involves using language appropriately based on social rules and cultural references.
• Spiral progression is a language teaching principle where skills are taught and revisited at increasing levels of difficulty.
• Language learning process explains how language learning happens and guides teaching.
• Writing is the ability to communicate effectively using written language.
• Viewing is the ability to understand and interpret visual information.

Macro Skills Alignment

• Phonics and word recognition align with listening, reading, and writing.
• Spelling aligns with reading and writing.
• Alphabet knowledge aligns with listening, speaking, reading, writing, and viewing.
• Vocabulary development aligns with listening, speaking, reading, writing, and viewing.
• Reading comprehension aligns with reading, writing, and viewing.
• Content standards outline what students should know, do, and understand.
• Performance standards define the expected proficiency level in real-life situations.

Software

• Word processing software enables users to create, edit, and print documents.
• Presentation software facilitates the creation of slides with texts, images, or illustrations.
• Slidebean is a presentation software that uses AI to assist with slide layouts.
• Resources are tools, books, software, needed to achieve learning objectives.
• Differentiation involves strategies for accommodating diverse learning needs.
• A word processor provides an environment for creating and formatting written texts.
• Lotus Word Pro is suited to corporate environments for creating formatted text documents.
• iPages is a word processing app for Apple devices.
• Google Docs is a cloud-based word processing application.
• Notion is a productivity app that combines note-taking, project management, wiki, and task management features.
• Adobe In-Design is used for designing print and digital media.
• Digital slides are electronic visual aids used in presentations.
• VisiCalc was the first computer-based spreadsheet.
• Microsoft Excel was introduced in 1985 for Macintosh and later for Windows in 1987.
• Google Sheets was introduced in 2006 as a cloud-based spreadsheet.
• A spreadsheet is a tool to organize and analyze data in a grid.
• Ranges are a selection of two or more cells in a spreadsheet.
• Columns run vertically and are identified by letters in a spreadsheet.

Digital Storytelling

• Digital Storytelling combines multimedia elements to convey a message.
• MP3 is the primary format for audio files in podcasting.
• Podcasting allows users to listen to episodes on various topics.
• Vodcasting combines video and audio content for online viewing.
• Utilization is the action phase of educational technology domains.
• The systematic process in preparing instructional materials is design - development - utilization – evaluation.
• Setting the objectives is the second step in integrating technology in the classroom.
• The learner is the primary consideration in determining teaching/learning objectives.
• Objectives are stated before using media to determine which media to use best.
• Communication effectiveness guides relaying information.
• Authenticity involves presenting real samples.
• Conventional technologies pose problems on storage.
• Technology reinforces learning.
• Learner-centered instruction focuses on transformation of facts, collaboration, and authentic assessment.
• Cooperative, inquiry, and project-based learning approaches develop construction of knowledge and information exchange.
• Technologies arranged from most symbolic to multisensory are print, audio, visual materials, and computers.
• Technologies with the highest degree of abstraction are books, imaginative literature, and programmed instruction.
• Textbooks contain most of the materials needed in a course.
• A model is a three-dimensional visual used when real objects are impractical.
• Semantic webbing is used to organize and integrate related concepts.
• A cycle graphic organizer shows how events interact to produce results repeatedly.
• Graphic instructional aids requires pupils to verbalize.
• It is inappropriate to allow students to pass printed visuals from one person to another.
• A globe is a solid model.
• Realias are the best materials to use for hands-on experience.
• The chalkboard is valuable for emphasizing major points, but has limitations.
• Manipulatives are most effective with the understanding style group.
• A jingle is used to memorize concepts by singing them to a familiar tune.