cpc

Module Unit 1: Communication Processes, Principles, and Ethics

• Objectives include describing the nature, elements, and functions of verbal and non-verbal communication in various and multicultural contexts.
• Objectives also include explaining how cultural and global issues affect communication.

Communication Processes

• Communication types are categorized by: mode (verbal, non-verbal, visual) and context.

Types of Communication According to Context

• Intrapersonal communication means talking to oneself, also known as self or inner talk, inner monologue, or inner dialogue, often used for building confidence.
• Interpersonal communication involves an interactive exchange, but a transaction doesn't necessarily occur; interactions can be simple, like greetings or casual conversation.
• A transaction communication occurs when the objective is to achieve and resolve something.
• Extended communication involves using electronics for media, such as tele, audio, or video conferencing.
• Technological means like Zoom, Google Meet, and other online apps fall into the category of extended communication.
• Organizational communication focuses on communication within organizational contexts, requiring individuals to possess needed oral and written communication skills.
• Formal organizational structure is a structure that allows communication via designated channels, utilizing downward, upward, horizontal, and crosswise approaches.
• Downward communication flows from upper to lower positions.
• Upward communication flows from subordinates to superiors.
• Horizontal communication occurs among people at the same level.
• Crosswise communication is diagonal in nature among employees on different levels.
• Informal communication comes from unofficial channels, also known as 'grapevine,' often spreading rumors due to employee dissatisfaction or uncertainty.
• 'Organizational culture' dictates employee behavior and commitment aligning with the organization's values, practices, vision, and mission.

Intercultural Communication

• Intercultural communication occurs between people with different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social, and professional backgrounds.
• Gender differences can also affect communication in this way, leading to varied message interpretation; non-verbal cues are particularly affected.
• Formal communication employs formal language either orally or in writing, aiming to inform, entertain, or persuade.
• Informal communication doesn't employ formal language, involving personal conversations with friends or family, either face-to-face or in writing.

Communication Models

• Aristotle's model emphasizes the speaker, speech, and audience.
• The speaker adjusts their speech based on the audience's demographics like age, sex, background, culture, and more.
• Laswell's Communication Model (1948) focuses on "Who says What in Which channel to Whom and What effect."

Shannon-Weaver's Communication Model

• The Shannon-Weaver model (1949) originally conceptualized for radio and television functions, identifies elements like information source, transmitter, receiver, destination, and feedback.

Berlo's Communication Model

• David Berlo's model incorporates source, message, channel, and receiver.
• The source, as encoder, needs good communication skills, a positive attitude, and knowledge about the topic.
• Message includes content, elements like language, treatment/manner, and structure.
• Channel refers to senses like seeing, hearing, smelling, and touching.
• The receiver decodes the message, sharing similar components with the source.

Principles of Effective Communication

• It is important to (2018, Madrunio & Martin):know your purpose, know your audience, know your topic, adjust to the context, and act on feedback
• Effective oral communication should be clear with its purpose, complete, concise, natural in delivery, and specific with feedback.
• Effective written communication should be (7Cs): clear, concise, concrete, correct, coherent, complete, and courteous.
• It is ethical to establish an effective value system and provide complete, accurate, and appropriately disclosed information Transparency is essential.

Effective Communication

• Effective Communication is a five level model introduced by Lasswell which identifys five aspects of questions from his experience in the 2nd world war: the source, the message, the channel (medium), the audience and the desired effect
• Lasswell's (1948) model has evolved into the "Five Ws" for managing change, emphasizing who should be told, when, what the key communications are and who should control the message.
• McGuire (1981) added dimensions like Attention, Liking, Comprehension, Yielding, Remembering, and Action to communication analysis.
• Other vital elements for all social business interraction are use of language, behaviour and use of symbols.
• Monroe's Motivated Sequence reminds users the key components of pursuasive communication , emphasizing attention, need, satisfaction and action

Communication and Globalization

• 'Globalization' relates to realities outside nation-states, impacting communication in general and must be understood.
• Globalization terms are Reuters, International Monetary Fund (IMF), Paris Agreement on Climate Change, and Oxfam.
• Globalization drives down the price of many goods
• Globalization has led to the mass movement of commerce and the loss of jobs in western countries
• Globalization has vastly improved wealth and communication but led to global warming.
• It has improved poverty slightly but largely benefits first world countries and corporations

How Globalization Works

• Globalization is the movement of people and goods between countries.
• Starbucks is economic integration of markets, providing livelihoods but using accounting tricks to avoid tax.
• Globalization has spread customs between nations between routes like the Silk Road.
• Great leaps in technology, the internet, container ships have driven globalisation