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Questions and Answers
Schools can release directory information without student and/or parent consent.
Schools can release directory information without student and/or parent consent.
True (A)
Characteristics such as facial expression, posture, characteristics of movement, gestures, and eye contact are called what?
Characteristics such as facial expression, posture, characteristics of movement, gestures, and eye contact are called what?
- Chronemics
- Kinesics (correct)
- Proxemics
- Paralanguage
What defense mechanism is displayed when a woman who is unhappy with her marriage accuses her husband of wanting a divorce, even though he has never shown such intentions?
What defense mechanism is displayed when a woman who is unhappy with her marriage accuses her husband of wanting a divorce, even though he has never shown such intentions?
- Rationalization
- Displacement
- Reaction formation
- Projection (correct)
Which of the following career assessments does not use Holland's six personality types?
Which of the following career assessments does not use Holland's six personality types?
Individuals who do not have any desire to change and are unwilling to admit that a problem exists are called what?
Individuals who do not have any desire to change and are unwilling to admit that a problem exists are called what?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a planned theme group?
Which of the following is NOT an example of a planned theme group?
If a student scored a 48 on an exam for which the mean was 56 and the standard deviation was 4, what can be said about the student's score?
If a student scored a 48 on an exam for which the mean was 56 and the standard deviation was 4, what can be said about the student's score?
An example of which type of research involves examining the relationship between the number of play therapy sessions and children's behavioral problems?
An example of which type of research involves examining the relationship between the number of play therapy sessions and children's behavioral problems?
In regard to IDEA, all of the following terms apply EXCEPT:
In regard to IDEA, all of the following terms apply EXCEPT:
According to Hardiman's white racial identity development model, the stage characterized by a conscious belief in the democratic ideal that everyone has an opportunity to succeed is called what?
According to Hardiman's white racial identity development model, the stage characterized by a conscious belief in the democratic ideal that everyone has an opportunity to succeed is called what?
Which of the following is a true statement about self-actualization?
Which of the following is a true statement about self-actualization?
Which career inventory assesses the psychological barriers that adults may face during a career transition?
Which career inventory assesses the psychological barriers that adults may face during a career transition?
A skeleton key in solution-focused brief counseling is defined as what?
A skeleton key in solution-focused brief counseling is defined as what?
If co-leaders are used, the group size should be what?
If co-leaders are used, the group size should be what?
Deviation IQ scores have what statistical characteristics?
Deviation IQ scores have what statistical characteristics?
An agency counselor interviews adolescents and then administers a survey packet to them. This is an example of what type of research?
An agency counselor interviews adolescents and then administers a survey packet to them. This is an example of what type of research?
In some states, minors who have reached a specified age can agree to receive certain services (e.g., counseling) without parental consent. These laws are called what?
In some states, minors who have reached a specified age can agree to receive certain services (e.g., counseling) without parental consent. These laws are called what?
Internal locus of control (IC) refers to what?
Internal locus of control (IC) refers to what?
Children who have disorganized attachments to their caregivers would display which of the following kinds of behavior?
Children who have disorganized attachments to their caregivers would display which of the following kinds of behavior?
What factors influence occupational projections?
What factors influence occupational projections?
What did the counseling profession primarily consist of in the early 1920s?
What did the counseling profession primarily consist of in the early 1920s?
How is culture understood?
How is culture understood?
What type of theory is Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory?
What type of theory is Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory?
Who is considered the father of career guidance and the counseling profession?
Who is considered the father of career guidance and the counseling profession?
Which of the following models of resistance is behavioral?
Which of the following models of resistance is behavioral?
Institutional barriers to group work may include resistant group members.
Institutional barriers to group work may include resistant group members.
What is William Wundt known for?
What is William Wundt known for?
What is the term for a variable that can be manipulated in a study?
What is the term for a variable that can be manipulated in a study?
What are ethical principles that counselors are required to follow called?
What are ethical principles that counselors are required to follow called?
The tripartite model of multicultural counseling competencies includes an etic perspective.
The tripartite model of multicultural counseling competencies includes an etic perspective.
What research design might be most appropriate for a researcher with limited time and a low budget?
What research design might be most appropriate for a researcher with limited time and a low budget?
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 was responsible for enforcing workplace safety and health standards.
The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 was responsible for enforcing workplace safety and health standards.
What consultation model is represented when a professional counselor relies on a colleague's expertise?
What consultation model is represented when a professional counselor relies on a colleague's expertise?
In group work, confidentiality is the ethical requirement of group leaders but not group members.
In group work, confidentiality is the ethical requirement of group leaders but not group members.
What type of test relies on the judgment of the professional counselor to interpret data?
What type of test relies on the judgment of the professional counselor to interpret data?
The statement 'Whereas 1 million white swans can indicate that all swans are white, one brown swan can falsify it' refers to the post-positivism paradigm.
The statement 'Whereas 1 million white swans can indicate that all swans are white, one brown swan can falsify it' refers to the post-positivism paradigm.
Accreditation is involuntary.
Accreditation is involuntary.
What term describes judging someone's worth based on how closely they resemble European Americans?
What term describes judging someone's worth based on how closely they resemble European Americans?
Which part of the brain regulates emotions and motivation?
Which part of the brain regulates emotions and motivation?
What is an example of an occupation?
What is an example of an occupation?
What are important elements of reflecting in counseling?
What are important elements of reflecting in counseling?
Personal goals of group members are generally considered to be what?
Personal goals of group members are generally considered to be what?
Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA), what is guaranteed for a child suspected of having a disability?
Under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act of 2004 (IDEA), what is guaranteed for a child suspected of having a disability?
Which of the following represents a quasi-experimental design?
Which of the following represents a quasi-experimental design?
Constancy is one of the five principal ethics of the counseling profession.
Constancy is one of the five principal ethics of the counseling profession.
What are based on biology and include societal expectations of behavior?
What are based on biology and include societal expectations of behavior?
Who developed classical conditioning?
Who developed classical conditioning?
Individuals who demonstrate high career adaptability exhibit which of the following?
Individuals who demonstrate high career adaptability exhibit which of the following?
Freud contended that each individual possesses all of the following types of consciousness EXCEPT?
Freud contended that each individual possesses all of the following types of consciousness EXCEPT?
A group is primarily remedial if it is which of the following?
A group is primarily remedial if it is which of the following?
If a professional counselor would like to read critical test reviews of the Beck Depression Inventory, which publication would be of most interest?
If a professional counselor would like to read critical test reviews of the Beck Depression Inventory, which publication would be of most interest?
In a single-subject design, what is most important?
In a single-subject design, what is most important?
A client tells her counselor that she is currently receiving counseling services from another mental health professional. According to ACA's ethical code, what should the counselor do?
A client tells her counselor that she is currently receiving counseling services from another mental health professional. According to ACA's ethical code, what should the counselor do?
Which of the following refers to meaningful experiences linked to a relationship with a divine entity, nature, or the universe?
Which of the following refers to meaningful experiences linked to a relationship with a divine entity, nature, or the universe?
What does operant conditioning depend on?
What does operant conditioning depend on?
In the theory of work adjustment, what does tenure refer to?
In the theory of work adjustment, what does tenure refer to?
At the core of individual psychology is the concept of what?
At the core of individual psychology is the concept of what?
Which leadership style refers to laissez-faire leadership according to Kurt Lewin?
Which leadership style refers to laissez-faire leadership according to Kurt Lewin?
Shorter tests are more reliable than longer tests.
Shorter tests are more reliable than longer tests.
What is a sampling technique that involves identifying convenient, existing subgroups and then randomly selecting subgroups?
What is a sampling technique that involves identifying convenient, existing subgroups and then randomly selecting subgroups?
What should a counselor do if going through a divorce?
What should a counselor do if going through a divorce?
What term describes the ability to revert to previous levels of functioning?
What term describes the ability to revert to previous levels of functioning?
What is interpreting new information in a way that alters a person's existing cognitive framework called?
What is interpreting new information in a way that alters a person's existing cognitive framework called?
Who developed the Myers-Briggs type theory?
Who developed the Myers-Briggs type theory?
What elements do Jungian counselors use to help clients uncover unconscious mind elements?
What elements do Jungian counselors use to help clients uncover unconscious mind elements?
What is it called when group leaders show members the proper way to execute a skill or behavior?
What is it called when group leaders show members the proper way to execute a skill or behavior?
What does validity refer to in the context of assessments?
What does validity refer to in the context of assessments?
What does internal validity measure?
What does internal validity measure?
When can client records be disposed of?
When can client records be disposed of?
What is similar between overt racism and extermination?
What is similar between overt racism and extermination?
What type of conflict is experienced when a family cannot decide between two appealing cars?
What type of conflict is experienced when a family cannot decide between two appealing cars?
What does Gottfredson propose regarding career decision compromises?
What does Gottfredson propose regarding career decision compromises?
What is the core focus of cognitive therapy?
What is the core focus of cognitive therapy?
Which type of co-leadership is often used for mentoring purposes?
Which type of co-leadership is often used for mentoring purposes?
In decision accuracy, sensitivity refers to what?
In decision accuracy, sensitivity refers to what?
What prediction method might conclude that students' reading time predicts exam scores?
What prediction method might conclude that students' reading time predicts exam scores?
What should a counselor do if a colleague reveals confidential information?
What should a counselor do if a colleague reveals confidential information?
What stress do international students often experience during adjustment?
What stress do international students often experience during adjustment?
What technique involves providing a student with guidance until they can complete tasks independently?
What technique involves providing a student with guidance until they can complete tasks independently?
Which statement about Super's lifespan, lifespace career theory is TRUE?
Which statement about Super's lifespan, lifespace career theory is TRUE?
What type of distorted thinking is exemplified by feeling unlovable without a significant other?
What type of distorted thinking is exemplified by feeling unlovable without a significant other?
What experience does a group member feel when encouraged to self-disclose but prefers giving advice?
What experience does a group member feel when encouraged to self-disclose but prefers giving advice?
Which of the following is NOT an example of measurement on a nominal scale?
Which of the following is NOT an example of measurement on a nominal scale?
In a frequency distribution, the sums of the frequencies for all intervals will what?
In a frequency distribution, the sums of the frequencies for all intervals will what?
In a frequency distribution, the sums of the frequencies for all intervals will what?
In a frequency distribution, the sums of the frequencies for all intervals will what?
What stressor affects international students more frequently than others?
What stressor affects international students more frequently than others?
What type of memory retains information for only 1 or 2 seconds?
What type of memory retains information for only 1 or 2 seconds?
An investigatory career decision is final.
An investigatory career decision is final.
Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of Gestalt therapy?
Which of the following is NOT a primary goal of Gestalt therapy?
Which of the following resources is commonly used to teach members about self-disclosure?
Which of the following resources is commonly used to teach members about self-disclosure?
The standard error of measurement is:
The standard error of measurement is:
What is the central goal of ethnography?
What is the central goal of ethnography?
Which of the following did NOT lead to the development of vocational guidance?
Which of the following did NOT lead to the development of vocational guidance?
What are the three phases of trauma counseling?
What are the three phases of trauma counseling?
What kind of disorder might a child with a low vocabulary and trouble forming sentences have?
What kind of disorder might a child with a low vocabulary and trouble forming sentences have?
If a child has a low vocabulary and trouble forming sentences, what kind of disorder might she have?
If a child has a low vocabulary and trouble forming sentences, what kind of disorder might she have?
What do humanistic-existential counselors generally do?
What do humanistic-existential counselors generally do?
It may be appropriate to interpret which of the following in group settings?
It may be appropriate to interpret which of the following in group settings?
What is calculated by dividing the number of correct test items by the total number of test items?
What is calculated by dividing the number of correct test items by the total number of test items?
The ongoing progress of a program is referred to as a(n):
The ongoing progress of a program is referred to as a(n):
Under FERPA, which of the following is NOT true about directory information?
Under FERPA, which of the following is NOT true about directory information?
Study Notes
Counseling Profession
- Early 1920s focused primarily on vocational guidance counseling.
- Frank Parsons is regarded as the father of career guidance and the counseling profession.
Culture and Psychology
- Culture encompasses patterns, languages, psychological, and biological factors that shape individuals.
- Erikson's psychosocial developmental theory exemplifies a discontinuous, active approach to development.
Research and Ethics
- Researchers often utilize cross-sectional research designs when faced with time and budget constraints.
- Mandatory ethics are essential ethical principles that counselors must adhere to.
- Triadic-dependent consultation model relies entirely on a colleague’s expertise for client issues.
Group Dynamics
- Confidentiality is an ethical obligation primarily for group leaders, not necessarily group members.
- Group members typically have overt personal goals, fostering a transparent group dynamic.
- Role conflict arises when a member is uncomfortable with the advice-giving dynamic in the group setting.
Psychological Theories and Assessments
- William Wundt pioneered experimental psychology with one of the first psychological laboratories.
- Validity pertains to how accurately an instrument measures a specific construct, while reliability deals with consistency.
- Cognitive therapy focuses on restructuring clients’ automatic thoughts for better mental health outcomes.
Developmental and Counseling Theories
- The Fair Labor Standards Act of 1938 did not enforce workplace safety and health standards.
- The Individuals with Disabilities Education Improvement Act (IDEA) guarantees testing for children suspected of disabilities.
- Super's lifespan, lifespace career theory emphasizes the changes in self-concept through life roles.
Communication and Skills
- Reflecting involves observing and responding empathetically to clients' verbal and nonverbal cues.
- Modeling is essential in teaching specific skills or behaviors in group settings.
- Sensitivity in decision accuracy relates to accurately identifying the presence of a phenomenon.
Challenges and Conflicts
- Acculturative stress affects international students more frequently due to cultural adjustment difficulties.
- Avoidance-avoidance conflict occurs when individuals are torn between two undesirable choices.
Distorted Thinking
- Dichotomous thinking represents distorted views, such as feeling unlovable without a relationship.
Ethical Considerations in Practice
- Counselors should cease to provide services if personal issues may interfere with client support.
- Confidential records must be retained for at least five years after counseling ends.
Academic Resources
- The Mental Measurements Yearbook is a key resource for finding test reviews, including the Beck Depression Inventory.
- Cluster sampling is defined as identifying existing subgroups and randomly selecting from those groups.
Cultural Competence
- The tripartite model of multicultural counseling competencies does not include an etic perspective.
- Colorism refers to judging individuals based on their resemblance to European American standards.
Assessment Formats
- Non-standardized tests depend on the professional counselor's judgment rather than comparisons to a norm group.
- Memory types include sensory memory, which retains information briefly, typically for one to two seconds.
Therapy Types and Definitions
- Jungian counselors utilize spirituality, dreams, and cultural elements to explore clients' unconscious minds.
- Gestalt therapy focuses on helping clients identify their needs and resolve unfinished business without addressing exceptions to problems.
Career Adaptability
- Individuals with high career adaptability demonstrate curiosity, confidence, and concern for their work future.
- Investigatory career decisions, as per Gelatt's framework, require additional information before finalizing a choice.
Measurement and Evaluation
- The standard error of measurement indicates reliability by assessing individual score variations over repeated tests.
- Process evaluation is used to assess ongoing program progress, crucial for effective counseling initiatives.### IDEA and Related Terms
- "Least restrictive environment," "free appropriate public education," and "individualized education plan" are core components of the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA).
- "Impairment of a major life activity" does not apply directly to IDEA.
Hardiman's White Racial Identity Development Model
- The "acceptance" stage reflects a conscious belief in the democratic ideal that all individuals have equal opportunities to succeed.
- This model outlines how racial identity can evolve over time.
Self-Actualization
- Self-actualization may not occur for everyone; some individuals may never reach this state.
- It is often believed that self-actualization occurs during middle adulthood.
- Fulfillment of lower-level needs in Maslow's hierarchy is a prerequisite for self-actualization.
Career Transition Inventories
- The Career Transitions Inventory assesses psychological barriers adults face during career transitions and the resources available to overcome them.
Solution-Focused Brief Counseling
- A skeleton key refers to a technique applicable to all clients, regardless of their presenting issues.
- This approach encourages clients to recognize times when their problems are absent or less impactful.
Group Counseling Dynamics
- When co-leaders are present in counseling, the group size can be increased by more than 50%.
Deviation IQ Scores
- Deviation IQ scores have a mean of 100 and a standard deviation of 15, standardizing intelligence test results for comparison.
Research Methodologies
- Administering surveys to adolescents after interviews exemplifies sequential exploratory research methodology, as it incorporates a stepwise process to gather and analyze data.
Minor Consent Laws
- In certain states, "minor consent laws" allow minors of a specified age to seek certain services, such as counseling, without the need for parental consent.
Internal Locus of Control
- An internal locus of control indicates a person’s belief in their ability to influence their own fate rather than attributing outcomes to external factors.
Disorganized Attachments in Children
- Children with disorganized attachments may show puzzlement upon caregivers' returns, often displaying limited emotional expression or confusion regarding their responses.
Influencing Factors on Occupational Projections
- Technological, economic, and population factors all significantly influence occupational projections across various industries.
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Description
Prepare for the CPCE with these informative flashcards. Each card covers essential concepts including vocational guidance, cultural understanding, and Erikson's psychosocial theory. Enhance your understanding and retention of key counseling topics.
