1er EXAMEN PARCIAL SISTEMA EDUCATIVO MEXICANO

Época Prehispánica

• Calmécac and Telpochcalli were the two main educational institutions
• Nezahualcóyotl was a prominent figure in education
• Calmécac provided military and religious education for nobles

La Conquista

• Colegio de Santa Cruz de Tlatelolco was an educational institution created for indigenous people
• Vasco de Quiroga was a prominent educator.

Periodo Jesuita

• Jesuit promoted humanist and religious education.
• Francisco Javier Clavijero was a prominent historian and educator

Independencia de México

• Public schools and Lancasterian societies were established.
• José María Luis Mora was a notable liberal figure

Método de Enseñanza Lancasteriana

• Advanced students taught new students

Reformas Educativas por Presidente

• Lázaro Cárdenas promoted socialist education.
• The Educational Reform of 1978 sought to modernize the educational system.
• Miguel de la Madrid initiated educational decentralization.
• Felipe Calderón implemented the Alliance for Quality Education (2008).
• The Educational Reform of 2013 focused on teacher evaluation and INEE autonomy.
• The Educational Reform of 2019 eliminated mandatory teacher evaluation.

Derechos y Obligaciones del Educando y Educador

• According to the LGE, students have the right to receive a secular, free, inclusive, and quality education
• Students are obligated to attend classes regularly.
• Educators have the right to adequate working conditions
• Educators are obligated to plan and develop teaching activities.

Artículos de la Ley General de Educación

• Article 72 defines the rights of students that are being violated
• Article 73 establishes protection and care measures for school violence.
• Guaranteeing the physical and psychological integrity of the student are key
• Implementing school coexistence programs promotes a culture of peace and non-violence in schools, according to Article 74.
• Article 75 ensures guidelines for healthy eating in schools

Estructura Organizacional de la SEP

• The SEP was created in 1921
• José Vasconcelos was the first head
• The Undersecretariat of Basic Education is responsible for preschool, primary, and secondary education
• The Undersecretariat of Upper Secondary Education oversees preparatory and bachelor's education
• The Undersecretariat of Higher Education is responsible for higher education
• Mejoredu replaced INEE in 2019.
• CONAFE serves marginalized and rural communities with educational programs
• The General Directorate of Educational Materials is responsible for producing and distributing free textbooks
• The General Directorate of Teacher Training is responsible for teacher training and professional development

Reflexión y Análisis

• The main goal of education during pre-Hispanic times was to train warriors and priests
• The Conquest led to the destruction of indigenous educational systems
• Education during the Porfiriato was characterized by teacher professionalization and the expansion of basic education
• The Mexican Revolution aimed to include rural masses and promote national identity through education
• The Mexican educational system currently faces educational inequality and a lack of resources
• Education in Mexico has evolved from an elitist and religious system to a more inclusive and secular one
• Educators play a role in shaping critical and responsible citizens
• Students have the right to an education that allows them to develop their abilities
• Implementing scholarship programs and financial aid supports students in unfavorable economic conditions
• Implementing nutritional education programs can foster a healthy eating culture among students and their families
• The creation of the SEP in 1921 led to the centralization and federalization of education in Mexico
• José Vasconcelos promoted a comprehensive vision of education as a tool for social transformation
• Indigenous education in Mexico faces challenges due to a lack of resources and discrimination.
• Education plays a key position in reducing social inequalities through empowerment and social mobility
• Improving teacher training and increasing educational resources can enhance the quality of education in Mexico