Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary focus of the Juvenile Court system?
What is the primary focus of the Juvenile Court system?
- Rehabilitating and protecting juvenile offenders (correct)
- Providing legal representation to juvenile offenders
- Punishing juvenile offenders
- Prosecuting juvenile offenders in adult courts
What is the suggested time for defining critical terms relevant to the Missouri juvenile justice system?
What is the suggested time for defining critical terms relevant to the Missouri juvenile justice system?
- 30 minutes
- 10 minutes (correct)
- 20 minutes
- 40 minutes
How much time is suggested for describing the general legal framework of the juvenile justice process?
How much time is suggested for describing the general legal framework of the juvenile justice process?
- 30 minutes
- 10 minutes (correct)
- 20 minutes
- 40 minutes
What is the total suggested time for listing the specific standards and requirements for investigations of juvenile delinquency and status offenses?
What is the total suggested time for listing the specific standards and requirements for investigations of juvenile delinquency and status offenses?
How much time is suggested for identifying the roles and responsibilities of the various entities and stakeholders in the Juvenile Court process?
How much time is suggested for identifying the roles and responsibilities of the various entities and stakeholders in the Juvenile Court process?
What is the total suggested time for the entire lesson plan?
What is the total suggested time for the entire lesson plan?
Who founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals?
Who founded the American Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Animals?
What was Mary Ellen's bed at night?
What was Mary Ellen's bed at night?
Why was Mary Ellen never allowed to play with other children?
Why was Mary Ellen never allowed to play with other children?
What instrument did Mary Ellen's mother use to cut her with?
What instrument did Mary Ellen's mother use to cut her with?
What was the purpose of the early Juvenile Courts?
What was the purpose of the early Juvenile Courts?
What is the concept of 'parens patriae'?
What is the concept of 'parens patriae'?
What was the outcome of the Kent v. United States case?
What was the outcome of the Kent v. United States case?
In what year was the first Juvenile Court developed in Cook County, Illinois?
In what year was the first Juvenile Court developed in Cook County, Illinois?
What was the role of the Judge in early Juvenile Court hearings?
What was the role of the Judge in early Juvenile Court hearings?
How many years did the Juvenile Court system exist before the Supreme Court decided a series of landmark cases?
How many years did the Juvenile Court system exist before the Supreme Court decided a series of landmark cases?
What was the outcome of Kent's appeal in the U.S. Supreme Court?
What was the outcome of Kent's appeal in the U.S. Supreme Court?
What was the significance of the Kent case?
What was the significance of the Kent case?
What was Gerald Gault accused of in the In re Gault case?
What was Gerald Gault accused of in the In re Gault case?
What was the outcome of the In re Gault case?
What was the outcome of the In re Gault case?
What rights did the In re Gault case affirm for juveniles?
What rights did the In re Gault case affirm for juveniles?
What was the significance of the In re Gault case?
What was the significance of the In re Gault case?
What was Samuel Winship accused of in the In re Winship case?
What was Samuel Winship accused of in the In re Winship case?
What was the outcome of the In re Winship case?
What was the outcome of the In re Winship case?
What was the significance of the In re Winship case?
What was the significance of the In re Winship case?
What was the Court's view on the doctrine of parens patriae in the In re Gault case?
What was the Court's view on the doctrine of parens patriae in the In re Gault case?
What did the Court conclude about the Juvenile Court system in the In re Gault case?
What did the Court conclude about the Juvenile Court system in the In re Gault case?
What was the standard of evidence required in Juvenile Courts before the Winship case?
What was the standard of evidence required in Juvenile Courts before the Winship case?
What was the significance of the Winship case?
What was the significance of the Winship case?
In the McKeiver case, what was the court's decision regarding trial by jury in Juvenile Court?
In the McKeiver case, what was the court's decision regarding trial by jury in Juvenile Court?
What was the significance of the McKeiver case?
What was the significance of the McKeiver case?
What was the impact of the Gault and Winship decisions?
What was the impact of the Gault and Winship decisions?
In the Breed v. Jones case, what was the court's ruling regarding double jeopardy?
In the Breed v. Jones case, what was the court's ruling regarding double jeopardy?
What is the significance of the Breed v. Jones case?
What is the significance of the Breed v. Jones case?
When does jeopardy attach in a Juvenile Court case?
When does jeopardy attach in a Juvenile Court case?
What is the significance of the Winship, McKeiver, and Breed v. Jones cases?
What is the significance of the Winship, McKeiver, and Breed v. Jones cases?
What was the result of the appeal in the Breed v. Jones case?
What was the result of the appeal in the Breed v. Jones case?
What is the significance of the Fare v. Michael C. case in terms of the concept of double jeopardy?
What is the significance of the Fare v. Michael C. case in terms of the concept of double jeopardy?
What is a key component to ensuring juvenile offenders are held accountable?
What is a key component to ensuring juvenile offenders are held accountable?
What was the juvenile's request to the police in the Fare v. Michael C. case?
What was the juvenile's request to the police in the Fare v. Michael C. case?
What obligation do juvenile offenders incur upon committing a law violation?
What obligation do juvenile offenders incur upon committing a law violation?
What was the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling regarding the applicability of the Miranda waiver in the Fare v. Michael C. case?
What was the U.S. Supreme Court's ruling regarding the applicability of the Miranda waiver in the Fare v. Michael C. case?
What should juvenile offenders develop during their time in the juvenile system?
What should juvenile offenders develop during their time in the juvenile system?
What is the significance of the Schall v. Martin case?
What is the significance of the Schall v. Martin case?
What was the reason for Gregory Martin's detention in the Schall v. Martin case?
What was the reason for Gregory Martin's detention in the Schall v. Martin case?
What approach is used to help juvenile offenders move towards appropriate behavior?
What approach is used to help juvenile offenders move towards appropriate behavior?
What do strength-based services aim to help juvenile offenders do?
What do strength-based services aim to help juvenile offenders do?
According to the Schall v. Martin case, what is the primary purpose of preventive detention?
According to the Schall v. Martin case, what is the primary purpose of preventive detention?
Why are strength-based services important for juvenile offenders?
Why are strength-based services important for juvenile offenders?
What procedure was in place to protect juveniles from wrongful deprivation of liberty in the Schall v. Martin case?
What procedure was in place to protect juveniles from wrongful deprivation of liberty in the Schall v. Martin case?
What is the significance of the parents patriae concept in the Schall v. Martin case?
What is the significance of the parents patriae concept in the Schall v. Martin case?
In the Fare v. Michael C. case, what was the consequence of the juvenile's request to see his probation officer?
In the Fare v. Michael C. case, what was the consequence of the juvenile's request to see his probation officer?
What is the implication of the Schall v. Martin case for the juvenile justice system?
What is the implication of the Schall v. Martin case for the juvenile justice system?
What is the primary factor that the United States Supreme Court considers when deciding whether a person under 18 can be subjected to the death penalty?
What is the primary factor that the United States Supreme Court considers when deciding whether a person under 18 can be subjected to the death penalty?
What is the main purpose of the Missouri Juvenile Court system according to Section 211.011 RSMo?
What is the main purpose of the Missouri Juvenile Court system according to Section 211.011 RSMo?
What is the primary goal of the Missouri Juvenile Court system's rehabilitative approach?
What is the primary goal of the Missouri Juvenile Court system's rehabilitative approach?
What is the role of the Juvenile Court in ensuring the best interests of the child?
What is the role of the Juvenile Court in ensuring the best interests of the child?
What is the primary factor that the Juvenile Court considers when making informed decisions about a child's case?
What is the primary factor that the Juvenile Court considers when making informed decisions about a child's case?
What is the primary principle of the Missouri Juvenile Court system's case management activities?
What is the primary principle of the Missouri Juvenile Court system's case management activities?
What is the main goal of the juvenile justice system in Missouri?
What is the main goal of the juvenile justice system in Missouri?
What is the significance of the Supreme Court's decision regarding the age of majority?
What is the significance of the Supreme Court's decision regarding the age of majority?
What is the primary role of the Juvenile Court in ensuring the protection of the community?
What is the primary role of the Juvenile Court in ensuring the protection of the community?
What is the main argument made in the case regarding the placement of youth in secure juvenile detention?
What is the main argument made in the case regarding the placement of youth in secure juvenile detention?
What is the primary focus of the Missouri Juvenile Court system's statutory obligation?
What is the primary focus of the Missouri Juvenile Court system's statutory obligation?
What was the Vice Principal searching for when he requested to view the contents of the juvenile's purse?
What was the Vice Principal searching for when he requested to view the contents of the juvenile's purse?
What was the outcome of the Supreme Court's decision in the New Jersey v. T.L.O. case?
What was the outcome of the Supreme Court's decision in the New Jersey v. T.L.O. case?
What was the significance of the Roper v. Simmons case?
What was the significance of the Roper v. Simmons case?
What was Christopher Simmons' age when he was sentenced to death?
What was Christopher Simmons' age when he was sentenced to death?
What was the reasoning behind the Supreme Court's decision in Roper v. Simmons?
What was the reasoning behind the Supreme Court's decision in Roper v. Simmons?
What was the outcome of the initial search of the juvenile's purse?
What was the outcome of the initial search of the juvenile's purse?
What is the main difference between the rights of children and adults, according to the Supreme Court?
What is the main difference between the rights of children and adults, according to the Supreme Court?
What is the purpose of the balancing act between the interests of the State and the interests of the juvenile?
What is the purpose of the balancing act between the interests of the State and the interests of the juvenile?
What is the significance of the Fourth Amendment in the context of the New Jersey v. T.L.O. case?
What is the significance of the Fourth Amendment in the context of the New Jersey v. T.L.O. case?
What was the primary focus of the early Juvenile Court system?
What was the primary focus of the early Juvenile Court system?
At what age was a child considered an adult with full discernment and responsibility in the early days of the juvenile justice system?
At what age was a child considered an adult with full discernment and responsibility in the early days of the juvenile justice system?
What was the role of the 'State' or government in the parent/child relationship in the early days of the juvenile justice system?
What was the role of the 'State' or government in the parent/child relationship in the early days of the juvenile justice system?
What was the condition of children in poorhouses or asylums in the United States during the 19th century?
What was the condition of children in poorhouses or asylums in the United States during the 19th century?
Who was the Methodist missionary who helped to initiate the child protection system and Juvenile Court process in the United States?
Who was the Methodist missionary who helped to initiate the child protection system and Juvenile Court process in the United States?
What was the name of the child who was subjected to deliberate abuse and neglect by her foster mother, leading to the initiation of the child protection system and Juvenile Court process?
What was the name of the child who was subjected to deliberate abuse and neglect by her foster mother, leading to the initiation of the child protection system and Juvenile Court process?
In what year did the child protection system and Juvenile Court process begin in the United States?
In what year did the child protection system and Juvenile Court process begin in the United States?
What was the age of children who were sent to work in factories during the 19th century?
What was the age of children who were sent to work in factories during the 19th century?
What was the name of the system where children were placed on trains and sent to the developing western United States to perform manual labor?
What was the name of the system where children were placed on trains and sent to the developing western United States to perform manual labor?
What was the primary reason why the early Juvenile Court system was established?
What was the primary reason why the early Juvenile Court system was established?
Flashcards are hidden until you start studying
Study Notes
Brief History of the Juvenile Court System
- There was no juvenile justice system 200 years ago:
- Children under 7 were considered "infants" and deemed incapable of criminal intent
- Children as young as 7 could be held criminally responsible and incarcerated with adults
- A child was considered an adult with full discernment and responsibility at 14
- The American juvenile justice system originated in English common law
- Children were considered the property of their parents
- The state did not interfere in the parent/child relationship
- Children were sent to poorhouses, asylums, or "orphan trains" if abandoned or abused
Early Juvenile Court System
- The first Juvenile Court was established in Cook County, Illinois in 1899
- Missouri developed a Juvenile Court system in 1903
- The purpose of the early Juvenile Courts was to act in the place of parents and rehabilitate wayward youth
- Hearings were informal and held in private chambers, with the judge serving as a "father figure"
Concept of "Parens Patriae" and Best Interests of the Child
- "Parens Patriae" is a legal doctrine that allows the state to intervene in the parent/child relationship
- The doctrine is rooted in English common law and holds that the state can act in the best interests of a child when parents are found to be incompetent or incapable
Supreme Court Impact on Juvenile Justice
-
Kent v. United States (1966): Juveniles have the right to a hearing on the issue of jurisdiction, and their attorney should have access to all records involved in the waiver
-
In re Gault (1967): Juveniles have the right to notice, counsel, and protection against self-incrimination in hearings that could result in commitment to an institution
-
In re Winship (1970): The standard of evidence for adjudication of delinquency should be "proof beyond reasonable doubt"
-
McKeiver v. Pennsylvania (1971): Trial by jury is not a constitutional requirement for juveniles, but states may establish a system for trial by jury
-
Breed v. Jones (1975): An adjudication in Juvenile Court is equivalent to a trial in criminal court, and jeopardy applies at the adjudication hearing
-
Fare v. Michael C. (1979): A request to speak with a probation officer does not necessarily constitute an expression of the right to remain silent
-
Schall v. Martin (1984): Preventive detention of a juvenile is constitutional if the court finds there is a "serious risk" that the juvenile will commit another crime if released### Schall v. Martin (1984)
-
The US Supreme Court upheld the constitutionality of a preventive detention statute, allowing for the detention of juveniles before trial.
-
The Court stated that preventive detention serves a legitimate state objective in protecting both the juvenile and society from pretrial crime.
-
The Court found that there were enough procedures in place to protect juveniles from wrongful deprivation of liberty, including notice, a statement of the facts and reasons for detention, and a probable cause hearing within a short period of time.
New Jersey v. T.L.O. (1985)
- The US Supreme Court held that students in public schools have a constitutional right to privacy under the Fourth Amendment.
- The Court stated that school officials are bound by some constitutional restrictions, but also have a responsibility to maintain the discipline necessary for education.
- The Court adopted a lower "reasonable ground" standard for school officials to conduct searches in the school setting.
Roper v. Simmons (2005)
- The US Supreme Court ruled that executing a person less than 18 years of age is unconstitutional.
- The Court relied on scientific knowledge and sociological research to substantiate that adolescent brain development and environmental circumstances are substantial factors to be considered in determining the capacity of persons less than 18 years of age to possess appropriate decision-making skills and to exercise reasonable judgment.
Missouri Juvenile Court System
- The statutorily defined purpose of the Missouri Juvenile Court system is to facilitate the care, protection, and discipline of children.
- The Juvenile Court is to provide care, guidance, and control that conduces to the child's welfare and the best interests of the state.
- The Juvenile Court has to balance the interests of the juvenile with the interests of the state in the context of providing services to the juvenile while also ensuring the protection of the community.
Rehabilitative Approach
- The Missouri Juvenile Justice system operates with a belief system based on rehabilitation, with a view toward the young offender as a developing person who is amenable to treatment and potentially influenced to adopt a non-offending, productive lifestyle.
Guiding Principles for Case Management Activities
- Offender accountability: Juvenile offenders should be held accountable for their actions in a timely and appropriate manner.
- Restoring the victim: Juvenile offenders should be guided to restore the victim as part of the juvenile justice process.
- Competency development: Juvenile offenders should develop basic competencies such as anger management, appropriate responses to authority, empathy for others, educational achievement, and vocational skills.
- Strength-based services: Juvenile offenders should be provided with services that focus on their strengths and positive assets to help move them to appropriate behavior.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
