Justice and Distributive Principles
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Questions and Answers

What is the main principle of commutative justice?

  • Fairness of the exchange between individuals (correct)
  • Equity in acquiring resources
  • Fairness in the distribution of wealth
  • Evaluation of societal contribution

    • Which of the following is NOT a principle of distributive justice?

  • To each person an equal share
  • According to individual need
  • According to individual effort
  • According to the government's discretion (correct)

    • How does communitarianism view the relationship between individual rights and communal responsibility?

  • Individual rights are more important than communal responsibility
  • They are mutually exclusive concepts
  • They are always in conflict with one another
  • Individual rights are coupled with communal responsibility (correct)

    • Which principle of distributive justice argues for resources based on societal contributions?

    <p>According to merit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an essential element in the practice of healthcare ethics?

    <p>Adhering to communal needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is NOT part of the implementation considerations for distributive justice?

    <p>Determination of collective community goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the principle of non-maleficence focus on in the healthcare profession?

    <p>Avoiding negligent and harmful care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of communal decision-making under communitarianism, what is emphasized?

    <p>Distributed communal deliberation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates particular justice from general legal justice?

    <p>Particular justice focuses on individuals with their own rights.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action exemplifies the principle of beneficence in nursing?

    <p>Assisting a patient who is too weak to perform tasks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best represents the principle of justice in healthcare?

    <p>All individuals should receive care regardless of their social status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the four elements of beneficence?

    <p>One ought to promote good</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which concept is closely associated with the principle of justice in nursing?

    <p>Fairness and deserved reward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The principle of beneficence includes actions aimed at removing which of the following?

    <p>Evil or harm to patients</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement reflects a misunderstanding of the principle of justice in healthcare?

    <p>It allows for preferential treatment based on doctor-patient relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In healthcare ethics, which virtue is specifically associated with the principle of beneficence?

    <p>Benevolence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle is primarily concerned with prioritizing the welfare of the patient while also considering the broader community?

    <p>Beneficence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle may conflict with the principle of respect for autonomy in healthcare situations?

    <p>Non-maleficence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In healthcare ethics, what does justice primarily relate to?

    <p>The fair distribution of benefits and burdens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle is demonstrated when healthcare providers respect a patient's decision regarding their treatment?

    <p>Autonomy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What approach emphasizes using previous cases as a guide to inform current ethical decisions in medicine?

    <p>Casuistry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best encapsulates the principle of distributive justice?

    <p>Allocating resources based on individual needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a healthcare context, what ethical dilemma might arise when prioritizing beneficence over non-maleficence?

    <p>Providing a painful treatment that offers potential long-term benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which scenario best illustrates a conflict between justice and beneficence?

    <p>A doctor chooses to treat only patients with insurance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Justice

    • Two types: General legal justice and Particular justice
    • General legal justice involves equity and common legal justice referring to a human person's actions in alignment with the common good.
    • Particular justice includes commutative justice and distributive justice, focusing on the individual's rights and the fairness of exchanges.
    • Commutative justice: Fairness in exchanges between individuals.
    • Distributive justice: Sharing the wealth of a nation.

    Principles of Distributive Justice

    • An equal share for everyone
    • According to individual need
    • Based on acquisition in a free market
    • Based on individual effort
    • Based on societal contribution
    • Based on merit
    • Implementation depends on available funds and resources.

    Communitarianism

    • Emphasizes an individual's relationship with their community.
    • Individuals are responsible for their actions within the community.
    • Individual rights are linked to communal responsibility.
    • Communal good outweighs individual good.
    • Balance is crucial between individual and community welfare.
    • Solutions require collaborative community deliberation.
    • Applied to healthcare by promoting non-maleficence and considering communal values in decision-making.
    • Example: A nurse lacking expertise pretending to be skilled, potentially harming a patient, breaches non-maleficence principles.

    Beneficence

    • Requires nurses to abstain from harming patients and prioritize their well-being.
    • Promoting good deeds, kindness, and charity to others.
    • Taking actions that promote the welfare of other people.
    • Associated with virtues like kindness, benevolence, altruism, and humanitarianism.
    • Involves addressing the psychological, social, and spiritual dimensions of illness.
    • Example: Helping a patient with daily living activities when they are too weak.

    Elements and Components of Beneficence

    • Substance of the Principle of Beneficence:
      • Not inflicting harm.
      • Preventing harm.
      • Removing harm.
      • Promoting good.
    • Major Components of Beneficence:
      • Do or promote good.
      • Prevent harm.
      • Remove evil or harm.

    Justice

    • Derived from the Latin word jus meaning right.
    • Rendering what is due or merited.
    • Enables giving every individual their rights.
    • Associated with fairness, rightfulness, rewards, punishment, and equity.
    • Requires fair distribution of social benefits (like healthcare) and burdens (like taxes).
    • Implies nurses providing care without regard to race, color, creed, social status, or gender.
    • Example: Smoking bans.

    Casuistry

    • Case-based reasoning.
    • Circumstances surrounding a person's health serve as building blocks for case analysis.
    • Resolved cases serve as paradigms for analogical considerations.
    • Example: Physicians and family members of a Persistent Vegetative State (PVS) patient use casuistry to guide decision-making.

    Conditions for Resolving a Situation Through Casuistry:

    • Choosing one principle over another.
    • The moral purpose must be attainable.
    • No possibility of giving preference to conflicting prima facie duties.
    • The opted solution must minimize infringement.
    • The minimal effect of infringement should be undertaken seriously.

    Examples of Conflicts Between Ethical Principles:

    • Respect for autonomy (patient's decisions) vs. non-maleficence (do no harm).
    • Beneficence (helping people) vs. justice (treating similar cases fairly).

    Question and Answer

    • Question: A 5-year-old girl comes to the clinic for scheduled immunizations. You are aware that the procedure will cause discomfort, but the benefits are greater for the child and the community. Which principle is involved in this situation?
    • Answer: Beneficence.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the concepts of general and particular justice, along with principles of distributive justice. Focused on the relationship between individual rights and community responsibilities, it covers important themes in legal and moral theory. Test your understanding of how justice serves both individuals and society.

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