Jury Selection and Sentencing Process

Study Notes

Jury Selection and Trial Process

Attorneys in a trial use jury selection to remove potentially biased or unsuitable jurors.
Two types of challenges exist in jury selection.
Hearsay evidence is excluded from trial unless specific conditions are met.

Sentencing and Corrections

Sentencing can range from fines to community service to probation, jail, or capital punishment (death penalty).
Alternative sanctions like rehabilitation also exist.
Plea bargains are possible, where deals are worked out and presented to the judge.
Defendants have the right to remain silent (5th Amendment).
Prisons hold convicted criminals, while jails hold those awaiting trial, on bail, or flight risks.
Prison terms are longer than jail terms.
Juvenile courts focus on rehabilitation and the best interests of the juvenile.
"Delinquency" is the term used to describe offenses by juveniles.
The standard of proof is "proof beyond a reasonable doubt."
Defendants can waive their right to a jury trial and choose plea options (guilty, not guilty, no contest).

Types of Witnesses and Evidence

Character witnesses can set the stage for the type of person the defendant is(e.g., pastor, neighbor, teacher).
Lay witnesses provide personal observations and experience.
Expert witnesses testify based on their specialized knowledge.
Defendants must appear in court when summoned, or face potential arrest and the consequences of non-compliance.
All evidence, favorable or not, must be presented to the defense.

Sentencing Considerations and Judge's Role

Sentencing can vary, including determinate (fixed) and indeterminate (variable) sentencing.
Aggravating circumstances may increase a sentence, while mitigating circumstances decrease it.
Judges play a crucial role in admitting or suppressing evidence.
Concurrent sentences are served simultaneously, while consecutive sentences are served one after another.

Release from Prison and Correctional Concerns

Good behavior and participation in prison programs can lead to release.
The "hands-off doctrine" in corrections generally avoids interference in prison conditions.

Constitutional Rights and Privacy

The 4th Amendment addresses privacy rights; however, the extent of these rights in different contexts (prisons, cars) is contextual.

Issues in the Justice System

The speed of executions and related issues are sometimes debated.
Certain political issues may influence decisions regarding correctional facilities (e.g. budget allocations)

Description

Explore the complexities of jury selection and the sentencing process in the legal system. This quiz covers the types of jury challenges, the exclusion of hearsay evidence, and various sentencing options including plea bargains and rehabilitation. Test your understanding of key concepts in trial proceedings and corrections.