Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following are co-equal branches of government?
Which of the following are co-equal branches of government?
What is the role of the Judicial Branch?
What is the role of the Judicial Branch?
The role of the Judicial Branch is to interpret and apply the laws of the land in cases of disputes. This includes settling actual controversies.
The President of the Philippines has no influence in the Judicial and Bar Council (JBC).
The President of the Philippines has no influence in the Judicial and Bar Council (JBC).
False
Who appoints the members of the Supreme Court?
Who appoints the members of the Supreme Court?
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What are the qualifications needed to be a member of the Supreme Court?
What are the qualifications needed to be a member of the Supreme Court?
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How long can Supreme Court members hold their office? (select the most accurate)
How long can Supreme Court members hold their office? (select the most accurate)
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What is the meaning of "judicial review" as it pertains to the Supreme Court's powers?
What is the meaning of "judicial review" as it pertains to the Supreme Court's powers?
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What type of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have over cases involving ambassadors?
What type of jurisdiction does the Supreme Court have over cases involving ambassadors?
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Which of the following are NOT included in the list of cases that can be appealed to the Supreme Court?
Which of the following are NOT included in the list of cases that can be appealed to the Supreme Court?
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The Court of Appeals in the Philippines has jurisdiction over appeals from Regional Trial Courts (RTC).
The Court of Appeals in the Philippines has jurisdiction over appeals from Regional Trial Courts (RTC).
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Which type of court in the Philippines covers only one municipality?
Which type of court in the Philippines covers only one municipality?
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Study Notes
Judiciary
- A co-equal branch of government, alongside the executive and legislative branches.
- Judicial appointments are recommended by the Judicial and Bar Council (JBC) to the President.
- The President has significant influence on the JBC and can appoint half of its members.
Judicial Power
- The power to interpret and apply laws in legal disputes.
- This power resides in the Supreme Court and lower courts (Article 8, Section 1).
- Includes the duty of courts to resolve actual controversies.
Supreme Court
- The highest court in the land, appointed by the President.
- Composed of 15 members: a Chief Justice and 14 Associate Justices.
- Requirements for appointment: natural-born citizen, at least 40 years old, judge of a court or practicing lawyer for at least 15 years, proven competence, integrity, probity, and independence (Article 8, Section 7).
- Serve during good behavior until the age of 70.
Powers of the Supreme Court
- Judicial Review: Interprets the Constitution and declares the validity of treaties.
- Original Jurisdiction: Handles cases involving ambassadors, petitions for certiorari, mandamus, quo warranto, and habeas corpus.
- Court of Last Appeal: Reviews judgments of lower courts.
- Appeals for Serious Crimes: Reviews all appeals on sentences of life imprisonment and death.
- Administrative Powers: Temporarily assigns judges, appoints judicial officials and employees, orders change of trial venue, and disciplines lower court judges (potentially ordering dismissal).
Appealable Cases to the Supreme Court
- Cases questioning the validity of laws.
- Cases involving the legality of taxes.
- Cases with jurisdictional concerns.
- Criminal cases involving legal errors.
Philippine Courts (Hierarchy)
- Supreme Court: Highest court, final appeals.
- Court of Appeals: Handles appeals from Regional Trial Courts.
- Regional Trial Courts (RTCs): Try cases and hear appeals from Municipal Trial Courts.
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Municipal Trial Courts (MTCs) / Municipal Circuit Trial Courts (MCTCs):
- MTCs: A single municipality.
- MCTCs: Two or more municipalities.
Specialized Courts
- Shari'ah District Courts: Address conflicts among Muslim Filipinos.
- Court of Tax Appeals: Deals with tax appeals by private citizens.
- Sandiganbayan: Anti-graft court handling cases involving government officials.
Specialized Legal Bodies
- Office of the Ombudsman: Investigates graft and corruption by government employees.
- Judicial and Bar Council (JBC): Screens and recommends judicial appointments.
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Description
Explore the critical aspects of the judiciary branch, including its structure and functions. Learn about the role of the Supreme Court in interpreting laws and the appointment process for justices. This quiz will test your understanding of judicial power and responsibilities.
