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Judges' Decision-Making Influences

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Questions and Answers

What was significantly influenced by the race of the defendants in the study?

Judges' choice of evidence

Judges' willingness to convict (correct)

Judges' deliberation time

Judges' sentencing length

Which method can help judges facilitate a more thorough reasoning process?

Taking fewer breaks

Collaborating with defendants

Drafting scripts or checklists (correct)

Using fewer scripts

What assertion did Jerome Frank make regarding judges?

Judges are infallible in their decisions.

Judges are human and subject to weaknesses. (correct)

Judges should avoid emotions in decision-making.

Judges' decisions are solely based on evidence.

What is a recommended practice to avoid fatigue during decision-making?

Taking frequent breaks Signup and view all the answers

What is the overall goal in understanding judges' weaknesses?

To further a fair and impartial justice system Signup and view all the answers

What factor was found to influence the severity of sentencing more than race among African-American defendants?

Remorse shown by the defendant Signup and view all the answers

How did federal judges differ in their sentencing of white versus African-American defendants?

They issued more downward departures for white defendants. Signup and view all the answers

What does research suggest about judges' implicit biases in their decision-making?

They only correlate with judgment when the race of the defendant is unclear. Signup and view all the answers

What effect did skin tone have on the sentencing of African-American defendants in Georgia?

Light-skinned African Americans received shorter sentences than dark-skinned. Signup and view all the answers

What was the conclusion regarding the role of racial discretion in sentencing systems?

States with less restrictive systems showed greater racial disparities. Signup and view all the answers

What did studies reveal about the influence of race when judges were aware of a defendant's race?

Judges treated both African-American and white defendants indistinctively. Signup and view all the answers

What did research conducted on sentencing guidelines systems demonstrate about federal judges?

They still showed bias towards race even after changes to guidelines. Signup and view all the answers

What was a finding regarding implicit racial biases among judges in relation to negative associations?

Judges more closely associated African Americans with negative concepts. Signup and view all the answers