Podcast
Questions and Answers
What was significantly influenced by the race of the defendants in the study?
What was significantly influenced by the race of the defendants in the study?
- Judges' choice of evidence
- Judges' willingness to convict (correct)
- Judges' deliberation time
- Judges' sentencing length
Which method can help judges facilitate a more thorough reasoning process?
Which method can help judges facilitate a more thorough reasoning process?
- Taking fewer breaks
- Collaborating with defendants
- Drafting scripts or checklists (correct)
- Using fewer scripts
What assertion did Jerome Frank make regarding judges?
What assertion did Jerome Frank make regarding judges?
- Judges are infallible in their decisions.
- Judges are human and subject to weaknesses. (correct)
- Judges should avoid emotions in decision-making.
- Judges' decisions are solely based on evidence.
What is a recommended practice to avoid fatigue during decision-making?
What is a recommended practice to avoid fatigue during decision-making?
What is the overall goal in understanding judges' weaknesses?
What is the overall goal in understanding judges' weaknesses?
What factor was found to influence the severity of sentencing more than race among African-American defendants?
What factor was found to influence the severity of sentencing more than race among African-American defendants?
How did federal judges differ in their sentencing of white versus African-American defendants?
How did federal judges differ in their sentencing of white versus African-American defendants?
What does research suggest about judges' implicit biases in their decision-making?
What does research suggest about judges' implicit biases in their decision-making?
What effect did skin tone have on the sentencing of African-American defendants in Georgia?
What effect did skin tone have on the sentencing of African-American defendants in Georgia?
What was the conclusion regarding the role of racial discretion in sentencing systems?
What was the conclusion regarding the role of racial discretion in sentencing systems?
What did studies reveal about the influence of race when judges were aware of a defendant's race?
What did studies reveal about the influence of race when judges were aware of a defendant's race?
What did research conducted on sentencing guidelines systems demonstrate about federal judges?
What did research conducted on sentencing guidelines systems demonstrate about federal judges?
What was a finding regarding implicit racial biases among judges in relation to negative associations?
What was a finding regarding implicit racial biases among judges in relation to negative associations?
Flashcards
Racial Bias in Sentencing
Racial Bias in Sentencing
Prosecutors, pretrial officers, and even judges may show bias against African-American defendants, leading to harsher bail and sentencing decisions.
Judge Sentencing Bias
Judge Sentencing Bias
Studies suggest judges might treat evidence and remorse differently depending on the defendant's race.
Downward Departures
Downward Departures
Federal judges grant more lenient sentencing for White defendants, compared to African-Americans, even when crimes are similar.
Sentencing Disparities
Sentencing Disparities
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Implicit Racial Bias
Implicit Racial Bias
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Experimental Evidence
Experimental Evidence
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Skin Tone Influence
Skin Tone Influence
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Afrocentric Features
Afrocentric Features
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Implicit Attitudes Influence Judges
Implicit Attitudes Influence Judges
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Judge's Decisional Factors
Judge's Decisional Factors
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Strategies for Careful Reasoning
Strategies for Careful Reasoning
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Human Factors in Judging
Human Factors in Judging
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Importance of Understanding Judge Weaknesses
Importance of Understanding Judge Weaknesses
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