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Questions and Answers
Who is considered the founder of Judaism?
What is the significance of the Ten Commandments in Judaism?
Which of the following groups is known for strict observance of traditional Jewish law?
What name is given to the Jews who originated from Ethiopia?
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Which prophet led the Israelites out of Egypt?
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What is a defining characteristic of Hasidic Jews?
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How is contemporary Judaism described in the context of its religious form?
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What name is used to refer to Jews from central Europe?
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What does the term 'Mishnah' mean?
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Which text serves as the foundational work of rabbinic law?
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What are the two main components of the Talmud?
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Who was Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai?
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What is the Zohar known for?
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What do Ha sidic Jews emphasize in their practice of the faith?
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Which denomination of Judaism promotes progressive ideas and adaptation?
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What is the primary text of Judaism?
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What does Reconstructionist Judaism believe about Judaism?
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What was promised to Abraham as a reward for his faith in one God?
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Which section of the Tanakh contains the Torah?
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Who was commanded by God to lead the Exodus from Egypt?
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Humanistic Judaism primarily celebrates what aspect of Jewish life?
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Which group allows for some modernization between Orthodox and Reform Judaism?
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What is the Torah often referred to as?
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How many books comprise the Five Books of Moses?
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What historical period does the Tanakh cover up to?
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What do the 613 mitzvahs represent in Judaism?
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Which collection includes the Prophets and Writings along with the Torah?
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What is the Book of Psalms also known as?
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Who compiled the Book of Psalms?
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What is the Zohar typically organized to correspond with?
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Who compiled the Mishneh Torah to provide guidance for daily living?
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What is the Hebrew translation of Shulchan Aruch?
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Who added glosses to the Shulchan Aruch highlighting Ashkenazic traditions?
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Who were the Anshe Knesset Hagedolah?
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In which city did Rabbi Yosef Caro live?
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During which era did the Anshe Knesset Hagedolah hold authority?
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What is the main purpose of the Shulchan Aruch?
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Study Notes
Origins of Judaism
- The Torah details the origins of the Jewish faith.
- God revealed himself to Abraham, regarded as the founder of Judaism.
- A special covenant was made with Abraham, marking him and his descendants as the chosen people.
- Isaac and Jacob (later named Israel) are significant figures in Jewish history, with Jacob's children becoming known as Israelites.
- Moses led the Israelites out of Egypt, where they had been enslaved, and received the Ten Commandments from God at Mt. Sinai.
Varieties of Judaism
- Contemporary Judaism comprises various denominations, reflecting the cultural and historical diversity of Jewish communities.
- Sephardic Jews originate from West Israel and Spain; Ashkenazic Jews from Central Europe; Beta Israel (Falashas) from Ethiopia.
- Orthodox Judaism emphasizes strict observance of traditional Jewish law, with many prohibiting work on Shabbat.
- Hasidic Jews within Orthodoxy focus on mysticism and a personal connection with God through prayer.
- Reform Judaism prioritizes ethical traditions over strict adherence to laws, promoting progressive ideas.
- Conservative Judaism balances tradition with some modernization.
- Reconstructionist Judaism views Judaism as a constantly evolving civilization, founded by Mordecai Kaplan in 1992.
- Humanistic Judaism celebrates Jewish culture without a focus on God.
Sacred Writings of Judaism
- The oldest Abrahamic religion, Judaism's primary text is the Tanakh, or Jewish Bible: includes the Pentateuch (Torah), Prophets (Nevi'im), and Writings (Ketuvim).
- The Tanakh covers the Israelites' history and their covenant with God, concluding with the building of the Second Temple around 535 BCE.
- The Torah is also known as the Chumash, written over 3,000 years ago, containing 613 mitzvahs (divine commandments).
Key Religious Texts
- The Mishnah, compiled by Rabbi Judah the Prince, is a foundational text of rabbinic law, central to Jewish religious life.
- The Talmud expands upon the Mishnah, featuring the written Oral Torah and discussions on various subjects.
- The Zohar, attributed to Rabbi Shimon ben Yochai, explores Kabbalistic teachings and is organized by weekly Torah portions.
- The Mishneh Torah, created by Maimonides, serves as an encyclopedia of Jewish law for practical guidance.
- The Shulchan Aruch, authored by Rabbi Yosef Caro, collates Jewish law and includes Ashkenazic variations by Rabbi Moshe Isserles.
Jewish Prayer Structure
- The Siddur, organized by the Anshe Knesset Hagedolah (“Men of the Great Assembly”), provides structure to Jewish prayers and liturgy.
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Description
Explore the foundational aspects of Judaism, including the origins of the Jewish faith as documented in the Torah. This quiz delves into the life of Abraham, the covenant made with God, and the significance of this relationship in Jewish tradition.
