Determinants of Health (Social-ecological Model)

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Questions and Answers

Which factor includes cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences?

  • Genetic Dimension
  • Emotional Dimension
  • Intellectual Dimension (correct)
  • Physical Dimension

How does long-term stress affect the body according to the text?

  • Has no impact on health
  • Affects the body systems (correct)
  • Improves health habits
  • Enhances body function

Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor of illness in the text?

  • Age
  • Occupation (correct)
  • Race
  • Genetic inheritance

How does the emotional dimension impact health habits according to the text?

<p>Negatively affects health habits under stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What example is given for the physical dimension as a risk factor of illness?

<p>Elderly person with heart disease (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences how a person responds to teaching about health and healthcare during illness?

<p>Intellectual dimension (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of health and illness does the environmental dimension focus on?

<p>Housing and sanitation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the socio-cultural dimension impact health?

<p>It influences economic level and lifestyle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which group is less likely to seek healthcare according to the text?

<p>Low-income groups (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a risk factor for illness according to the text?

<p>Living in a polluted city (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does self-concept influence an individual's reaction to stress and illness?

<p>It plays a role in how they react to stress and illness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example provided in the text related to the spiritual dimension?

<p>Opposition to blood transfusions by Jehovah Witnesses (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the interpersonal level of determinants of health?

<p>Family, friends, and peers interactions with health professionals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

At what level are rules, policies, and informal structures in workplaces and schools considered as determinants of health?

<p>Institutional/organizational level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of determinants of health includes a focus on social networks and community expectations?

<p>Community level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of tertiary preventive care?

<p>Providing care to those already diagnosed with a disease to prevent complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key aspect of primary preventive care in the context of well population?

<p>Health-risk assessment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which level of determinants of health focuses on policies and structures that regulate health action?

<p>Policy and systems level (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of secondary preventive care?

<p>Early detection of disease and prompt intervention (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is not associated with primary level prevention?

<p>Wound care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of tertiary preventive care?

<p>To reduce disability and help patients function at their best (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is typical at the tertiary level of prevention?

<p>Teaching individuals how to recognize and prevent complications (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is provided at the primary level of prevention?

<p>Accident and disease-prevention information (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which activity belongs to secondary preventive care?

<p>Medication administration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common health risk among healthy people according to the text?

<p>Suicide (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the number of cases of disease that have their onset during a prescribed period of time?

<p>Incidence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common risk factor for non-communicable diseases in Lebanon?

<p>Overweight and Obesity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term is a measure of deaths in a given population or location?

<p>Mortality (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Among the listed health risks, which one is not included in the top 3 most common risks?

<p>Hypertension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does morbidity measure?

<p>Disease incidence or prevalence in a population (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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Study Notes

Public Health Functions

  • Enforce laws and regulations to protect health and ensure safety
  • Link people to needed personal health services
  • Assure a competent public health care workforce
  • Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
  • Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems

Factors Affecting Health and Illness

  • Physical Dimension: Genetic inheritance, Age, developmental level, Race, and Sex
  • Emotional Dimension: How the mind affects body function and influences health
  • Intellectual Dimension: Cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences
  • Environmental Dimension: Housing, sanitation, climate, and pollution of air, food, and water
  • Socio-cultural Dimension: Economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture
  • Spiritual Dimension: Spiritual and religious beliefs

Basic Human Needs

  • A person whose needs are met is considered healthy
  • One or more unmet need → Risk for illness

Self-Concept

  • Incorporates how the person feels about self (self-esteem) and body image
  • Affects the way the individual reacts to stress and illness

Determinants of Health (Social-Ecological Model)

  • Individual or Intrapersonal level: Focusing on knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and social and cultural norms toward health
  • Interpersonal level: Focusing on family, friends, peers, and interactions with health professionals
  • Institutional/organizational level: Focusing on rules, policies, and informal structures in workplaces and schools
  • Community level: Focusing on social networks, norms, and community expectations
  • Policy and systems level: Focusing on policies and structures that regulate health action

Levels of Preventive Care

  • Primary Preventive Care: Directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes
    • Focuses on health-risk assessment and immunizations, family planning services, and teaching breast self-examination
  • Secondary Preventive Care: Focuses on early detection of disease, prompt intervention, and health maintenance for patients experiencing problems
    • Focuses on health screenings, wound care, medication administration, diet plan, and education programs
  • Tertiary Preventive Care: Focuses on reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning
    • Focuses on teaching persons how to recognize and prevent complications, physical therapy, and referring patients to support groups

Health Risks

  • Common health risks include:
    • Suicide
    • Overweight and Obesity
    • Smoking
    • Substance Abuse
    • Communicable diseases
    • Sexuality transmitted infection (HIV/AIDS)
    • Malignancies (cancers)
    • Injury and Violence
    • Hypertension
    • Diabetes

Diseases Prevalence in Lebanon

  • Statistics about health risks/problems in Lebanon
  • Communicable Diseases Surveillance in Lebanon according to age

Definition of Terms

  • Incidence: The number of cases of disease that have their onset during a prescribed period of time
  • Prevalence: The number of cases of a disease, infected people or people with some other attribute present during a particular interval of time
  • Morbidity: A measure of disease incidence or prevalence in a given population, location or other grouping of interest
  • Mortality: A measure of deaths in a given population, location or other grouping of interest
  • Signs: Objective indication of disease or abnormality detected by the examiner through using special methods of examination

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