Determinants of Health (Social-ecological Model)

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Questions and Answers

Which factor includes cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences?

Genetic Dimension

Emotional Dimension

Intellectual Dimension (correct)

Physical Dimension

How does long-term stress affect the body according to the text?

Has no impact on health

Affects the body systems (correct)

Improves health habits

Enhances body function

Which of the following is NOT listed as a risk factor of illness in the text?

Age

Occupation (correct)

Race

Genetic inheritance

How does the emotional dimension impact health habits according to the text?

Negatively affects health habits under stress Signup and view all the answers

What example is given for the physical dimension as a risk factor of illness?

Elderly person with heart disease Signup and view all the answers

Which factor influences how a person responds to teaching about health and healthcare during illness?

Intellectual dimension Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of health and illness does the environmental dimension focus on?

Housing and sanitation Signup and view all the answers

How does the socio-cultural dimension impact health?

It influences economic level and lifestyle Signup and view all the answers

Which group is less likely to seek healthcare according to the text?

Low-income groups Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a risk factor for illness according to the text?

Living in a polluted city Signup and view all the answers

How does self-concept influence an individual's reaction to stress and illness?

It plays a role in how they react to stress and illness Signup and view all the answers

What is an example provided in the text related to the spiritual dimension?

Opposition to blood transfusions by Jehovah Witnesses Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the interpersonal level of determinants of health?

Family, friends, and peers interactions with health professionals Signup and view all the answers

At what level are rules, policies, and informal structures in workplaces and schools considered as determinants of health?

Institutional/organizational level Signup and view all the answers

Which level of determinants of health includes a focus on social networks and community expectations?

Community level Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of tertiary preventive care?

Providing care to those already diagnosed with a disease to prevent complications Signup and view all the answers

What is the key aspect of primary preventive care in the context of well population?

Health-risk assessment Signup and view all the answers

Which level of determinants of health focuses on policies and structures that regulate health action?

Policy and systems level Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of secondary preventive care?

Early detection of disease and prompt intervention Signup and view all the answers

Which activity is not associated with primary level prevention?

Wound care Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of tertiary preventive care?

To reduce disability and help patients function at their best Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is typical at the tertiary level of prevention?

Teaching individuals how to recognize and prevent complications Signup and view all the answers

What type of information is provided at the primary level of prevention?

Accident and disease-prevention information Signup and view all the answers

Which activity belongs to secondary preventive care?

Medication administration Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common health risk among healthy people according to the text?

Suicide Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the number of cases of disease that have their onset during a prescribed period of time?

Incidence Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common risk factor for non-communicable diseases in Lebanon?

Overweight and Obesity Signup and view all the answers

Which term is a measure of deaths in a given population or location?

Mortality Signup and view all the answers

Among the listed health risks, which one is not included in the top 3 most common risks?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

What does morbidity measure?

Disease incidence or prevalence in a population Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Public Health Functions

Enforce laws and regulations to protect health and ensure safety
Link people to needed personal health services
Assure a competent public health care workforce
Evaluate effectiveness, accessibility, and quality of personal and population-based health services
Research for new insights and innovative solutions to health problems

Factors Affecting Health and Illness

Physical Dimension: Genetic inheritance, Age, developmental level, Race, and Sex
Emotional Dimension: How the mind affects body function and influences health
Intellectual Dimension: Cognitive abilities, educational background, and past experiences
Environmental Dimension: Housing, sanitation, climate, and pollution of air, food, and water
Socio-cultural Dimension: Economic level, lifestyle, family, and culture
Spiritual Dimension: Spiritual and religious beliefs

Basic Human Needs

A person whose needs are met is considered healthy
One or more unmet need → Risk for illness

Self-Concept

Incorporates how the person feels about self (self-esteem) and body image
Affects the way the individual reacts to stress and illness

Individual or Intrapersonal level: Focusing on knowledge, beliefs, attitudes, and social and cultural norms toward health
Interpersonal level: Focusing on family, friends, peers, and interactions with health professionals
Institutional/organizational level: Focusing on rules, policies, and informal structures in workplaces and schools
Community level: Focusing on social networks, norms, and community expectations
Policy and systems level: Focusing on policies and structures that regulate health action

Levels of Preventive Care

Primary Preventive Care: Directed toward promoting health and preventing the development of disease processes
- Focuses on health-risk assessment and immunizations, family planning services, and teaching breast self-examination
Secondary Preventive Care: Focuses on early detection of disease, prompt intervention, and health maintenance for patients experiencing problems
- Focuses on health screenings, wound care, medication administration, diet plan, and education programs
Tertiary Preventive Care: Focuses on reducing disability and helping rehabilitate patients to a maximum level of functioning
- Focuses on teaching persons how to recognize and prevent complications, physical therapy, and referring patients to support groups

Health Risks

Common health risks include:
- Suicide
- Overweight and Obesity
- Smoking
- Substance Abuse
- Communicable diseases
- Sexuality transmitted infection (HIV/AIDS)
- Malignancies (cancers)
- Injury and Violence
- Hypertension
- Diabetes

Diseases Prevalence in Lebanon

Statistics about health risks/problems in Lebanon
Communicable Diseases Surveillance in Lebanon according to age

Definition of Terms

Incidence: The number of cases of disease that have their onset during a prescribed period of time
Prevalence: The number of cases of a disease, infected people or people with some other attribute present during a particular interval of time
Morbidity: A measure of disease incidence or prevalence in a given population, location or other grouping of interest
Mortality: A measure of deaths in a given population, location or other grouping of interest
Signs: Objective indication of disease or abnormality detected by the examiner through using special methods of examination

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Description

Explore the various personal, social, economic, and environmental factors that play a role in determining health outcomes according to the social-ecological model. Learn about the five levels including individual, interpersonal, community, organizational, and public policy levels.