Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which student learning outcome (SLO) involves discussing the specific sensory, motor, and reflex functions of the C5-T1, and L1-S2, and S2-4 spinal nerves?
Which student learning outcome (SLO) involves discussing the specific sensory, motor, and reflex functions of the C5-T1, and L1-S2, and S2-4 spinal nerves?
Which SLO focuses on identifying common sites of potential entrapment/compression for each peripheral nerve and discussing their clinical consequences?
Which SLO focuses on identifying common sites of potential entrapment/compression for each peripheral nerve and discussing their clinical consequences?
Which SLO requires naming the cranial nerves, identifying the cranial foramen which each nerve traverses, and discussing the structures innervated?
Which SLO requires naming the cranial nerves, identifying the cranial foramen which each nerve traverses, and discussing the structures innervated?
Which SLO involves discussing the general structure and function of ANS, and the specific structure and functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
Which SLO involves discussing the general structure and function of ANS, and the specific structure and functions of the sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve is responsible for ankle plantar flexion and knee flexion?
Which nerve is responsible for ankle plantar flexion and knee flexion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is responsible for ankle dorsiflexion and inversion?
Which muscle is responsible for ankle dorsiflexion and inversion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve innervates the muscles responsible for everting the foot?
Which nerve innervates the muscles responsible for everting the foot?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the webbing of the toes?
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the webbing of the toes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is responsible for adducting the hallux (big toe)?
Which muscle is responsible for adducting the hallux (big toe)?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve innervates the muscles responsible for abducting the pinky toe?
Which nerve innervates the muscles responsible for abducting the pinky toe?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve innervates the triceps surae (gastrocnemius & soleus) for plantar flexion?
Which nerve innervates the triceps surae (gastrocnemius & soleus) for plantar flexion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which muscle is responsible for knee flexion?
Which muscle is responsible for knee flexion?
Signup and view all the answers
Which dermatome is responsible for sensation in the middle finger?
Which dermatome is responsible for sensation in the middle finger?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the biceps brachii and sensory to the lateral forearm?
Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the biceps brachii and sensory to the lateral forearm?
Signup and view all the answers
Which spinal nerves are often the target of the Herpes Zoster virus, causing shingles?
Which spinal nerves are often the target of the Herpes Zoster virus, causing shingles?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'fight or flight' response?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the deltoid and sensory over 2/3 of the shoulder?
Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the deltoid and sensory over 2/3 of the shoulder?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the brachial plexus is formed by the C5-6 nerve roots?
Which part of the brachial plexus is formed by the C5-6 nerve roots?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the triceps and sensory to the posterior forearm and dorsum of the hand?
Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the triceps and sensory to the posterior forearm and dorsum of the hand?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' function?
Which part of the nervous system is responsible for the 'rest and digest' function?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the hypothenar muscles and sensory to the ventral and dorsal medial hand?
Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the hypothenar muscles and sensory to the ventral and dorsal medial hand?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the brachial plexus is formed by the C8-T1 nerve roots?
Which part of the brachial plexus is formed by the C8-T1 nerve roots?
Signup and view all the answers
Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the flexor carpi radialis and sensory to the anterior lateral hand?
Which nerve is responsible for motor function to the flexor carpi radialis and sensory to the anterior lateral hand?
Signup and view all the answers
Which part of the brachial plexus bifurcates into an anterior and posterior division?
Which part of the brachial plexus bifurcates into an anterior and posterior division?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of neurons are included in the Peripheral Nervous System?
Which type of neurons are included in the Peripheral Nervous System?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?
What is the function of the Somatic Nervous System?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a sensory receptor in the Peripheral Nervous System?
Which of the following is a sensory receptor in the Peripheral Nervous System?
Signup and view all the answers
Where does nerve transmission enter the spinal cord?
Where does nerve transmission enter the spinal cord?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of the thalamus in nerve transmission?
What is the role of the thalamus in nerve transmission?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the general function of dendrites in neuronal anatomy?
What is the general function of dendrites in neuronal anatomy?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of Schwann cells in nerve regeneration?
What is the function of Schwann cells in nerve regeneration?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of dermatomes in neurology?
What is the purpose of dermatomes in neurology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the common cause of radiculopathy?
What is the common cause of radiculopathy?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of disc herniation is most common?
Which type of disc herniation is most common?
Signup and view all the answers
How are cervical, thoracic, and lumbar disc issues related to nerve roots?
How are cervical, thoracic, and lumbar disc issues related to nerve roots?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary effect of nerve damage in the Peripheral Nervous System?
What is the primary effect of nerve damage in the Peripheral Nervous System?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of Upper Motor Neurons (UMN) in motor activity?
What is the role of Upper Motor Neurons (UMN) in motor activity?
Signup and view all the answers
What can the removal of UMN inhibition lead to?
What can the removal of UMN inhibition lead to?
Signup and view all the answers
Where do Lower Motor Neurons (LMN) originate from?
Where do Lower Motor Neurons (LMN) originate from?
Signup and view all the answers
What do UMN and LMN lesions exhibit?
What do UMN and LMN lesions exhibit?
Signup and view all the answers
What do pathological reflexes indicate?
What do pathological reflexes indicate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of muscle stretch reflex?
What is the function of muscle stretch reflex?
Signup and view all the answers
What does reciprocal inhibition prevent during movement?
What does reciprocal inhibition prevent during movement?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of Golgi tendon reflex?
What is the role of Golgi tendon reflex?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the Lumbo-Sacral Plexus innervate?
What does the Lumbo-Sacral Plexus innervate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is detailed by dermatomes and motor functions of nerves from the lumbo-sacral plexus?
What is detailed by dermatomes and motor functions of nerves from the lumbo-sacral plexus?
Signup and view all the answers
What do direct branches from the sacral plexus innervate?
What do direct branches from the sacral plexus innervate?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of agonists in neurophysiology?
What is the primary function of agonists in neurophysiology?
Signup and view all the answers
Where do action potentials begin in a neuron?
Where do action potentials begin in a neuron?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of antagonists in neurophysiology?
What is the role of antagonists in neurophysiology?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the effect of neuromuscular junction disorders such as Lambert-Eaton Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis?
What is the effect of neuromuscular junction disorders such as Lambert-Eaton Syndrome and Myasthenia Gravis?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of nerve conduction occurs along a myelinated axon?
Which type of nerve conduction occurs along a myelinated axon?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the extension of the neuromuscular junction?
What is the extension of the neuromuscular junction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main requirement for students to pass the midterm related to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
What is the main requirement for students to pass the midterm related to the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of peripheral nerves?
What is the function of peripheral nerves?
Signup and view all the answers
What do students need to understand about nerve roots and cranial nerves?
What do students need to understand about nerve roots and cranial nerves?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of myelination in nerve conduction?
What is the role of myelination in nerve conduction?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
What is the function of dendrites in a neuron?
Signup and view all the answers
What do students need to understand about the spinal nerve exits in relation to its vertebra & disc?
What do students need to understand about the spinal nerve exits in relation to its vertebra & disc?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Neurological Control of Motor Activity
- Upper Motor Neurons (UMN) regulate motor activity to prevent excessive movement
- Removal of UMN inhibition can lead to hyperactivity, related to gamma motor neurons
- Lower Motor Neurons (LMN) originate from the spinal cord and provide the "gas" to the muscles
- UMN and LMN lesions exhibit distinct signs such as hypertonicity or hypotonicity
- Pathological reflexes indicate loss of cortical inhibition and are seen in conditions like stroke or ALS
- Muscle composition includes extrafusal fibers for force generation and intrafusal fibers for regulatory functions
- Muscle stretch reflex involves muscle spindles sensing excess stretch and stimulating motor neurons
- Reciprocal inhibition prevents antagonistic muscles from fighting each other during movement
- Golgi tendon reflex protects muscles from excessive load by inducing relaxation
- Lumbo-Sacral Plexus innervates specific sensory and motor functions in the lower body
- Dermatomes and motor functions of nerves from the lumbo-sacral plexus are detailed
- Direct branches from the sacral plexus innervate deep external hip rotator muscles
Neurophysiology and Neuromuscular Junctions Review
- Action potentials begin at the axon hillock and travel down the axon
- Saltatory conduction occurs along a myelinated axon
- The release of neurotransmitters at the axon terminal leads to the activation of the next neuron or target organ
- The neuromuscular junction extends from the ventral gray horn to its muscle
- Peripheral nerves can arise from different portions of the body
- Agonists mimic the action of neurotransmitters and can be direct-acting or indirect-acting
- Antagonists block or inhibit the action of neurotransmitters and can be direct-acting or indirect-acting
- Neuromuscular junction disorders, such as Lambert-Eaton Syndrome, Myasthenia Gravis, Botulism, and Curare, lead to muscle weakness or paralysis
- To pass the midterm, students need to identify the major locations and effects of the sympathetic and parasympathetic nervous systems
- They should also know the neurotransmitters involved in the pre-/post-ganglionic junctions and the organization of nerve roots or cranial nerves involved
- Students should understand the different components of a neuron found within the PNS and the layers of a nerve from superficial to deep
- They also need to understand the levels of nerve injury and the steps involved in nerve regeneration, as well as the spinal nerve exits in relation to its vertebra & disc and the general regions of each spinal root’s dermatome
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Test your knowledge on topics like upper motor neurons, lower motor neurons, muscle composition, reflexes, neuromuscular junctions, neurotransmitters, and nerve injury. This quiz covers neurological control of motor activity, neuromuscular junction functions, and nerve injury levels.