Journalism: Print vs Broadcast

• Journalism involves gathering, assessing, creating, and presenting news and information.
• The output of journalism is commonly published or broadcast via media such as newspapers, magazines, television, radio, and the Internet.
• Journalists research, write, and present news stories, and may also edit, proofread, or produce video content.

Broadcast Journalism

• Broadcast journalism reports news through television, radio, and/or digital media platforms.
• Broadcast journalism generally uses shorter stories and news updates.
• The journalist often require knowledge about the latest technology.
• Broadcast journalists usually need to write and speak well on camera.

Print Journalism

• Print journalism reports news through printed materials.
• Print journalism provides more in-depth coverage of topics.
• Print journalists need to be familiar with writing techniques and styles.
• Print journalists should have a good understanding of the editing process.

Features of Broadcast Journalism

• Broadcast journalism reports on stories as they occur or shortly after, covering news, sports, and entertainment.
• Broadcast journalists frequently interview newsmakers, celebrities, and other individuals related to the story.
• Concise and engaging writing is essential for broadcast journalists, ensuring stories can be read aloud on television or radio.
• Broadcast journalists often report on stories for both television and radio, necessitating comfort with different mediums.
• Television broadcast journalists should be able to edit video footage, combining it with interviews, music, and other elements.
• Technical skills are needed to be comfortable operating audio and video equipment, as well as editing software.

Writing for Broadcast Journalism

• Begin by brainstorming ideas and topics that interest you, considering the type of reporting you wish to do.
• Research the selected topic using reliable sources to gather relevant information.
• After research, create an outline for your story, including main points and their order.
• Write your script in a broadcast writing style, keeping sentences short and direct.
• Record the script after finalizing it, practicing delivery to emphasize a natural tone.
• Finalize the recording; ensure it sounds good and meets broadcast quality standards.

What is Journalism

• Journalism gathers, organizes, and distributes news, including feature stories and commentary, through various print and non-print media outlets.
• Journalism is categorized into news, investigative, feature, and opinion/analysis.
• The role in journalism is to look out the window and determining which is true.

Principles of Journalism

• It is important to tell the truth.
• News stories should not be made for someone.
• Stories must not be done on behalf of special interests whether political, corporate or cultural.
• Journalists should declare any potential conflicts of interest to their editors or audiences, including political affiliations, financial arrangements, or personal information.
• Always get two sides of the stories, while there is no obligation to present every side in every piece, stories should be balanced and shall add context.
• Impartial reporting builds trust and confidence
• Always get two sides of the stories.
• Journalists should do no harm.
• Consider the impact of words and images on the lives of others.
• Journalists should be accountable for their stories.
• They should listen to the concerns of their audience.

Channels or Media of Journalism

• Print
• Television
• Radio
• Online

History of broadcasting

• Broadcasting is distributing audio or video content to a broad audience via electronic mass communications.
• The broadcast industry in the Philippines began with telegraph and telephone systems.
• Eastern Extension was granted permission to place submarine telegraph cables from Hong Kong to Manila via the province of Bolinao in Pangasinan.
• The first telephone system started in 1890.
• The Americans took over the telephone and telegraph systems until they handed it to the local colonial government during the early 1900s.
• Americans played a key role in introducing broadcasting to the Philippines.
• Henry Herman started a small radio station in 1922 for product demonstrations for his business, Electrical Supply Company.
• Henry Herman named his station KZKZ in 1924 and established the Radio Corporation of the Philippines.
• The oldest radio station that still exists today is DZRH, first broadcast in 1939 as KZRH and connected to the H.E. Heacock Company.
• Radio sets became common in Filipino homes.
• During the Japanese occupation, radio was used for propaganda purposes.
• Post-war, radio stations reopened and served commercial and educational purposes under government supervision.
• The government used radio to educate the Filipino public through the Philippine Broadcast System (PBS).
• Radio has far and extensive reach due to clear access to a radio station transmitter.
• James Lindenberg established Bolinao Electronics Corporation (BEC) in 1946.
• ABS-CBN channel 2 and GMA-7 are stations continuing their mandates of entertaining in the Philippines.

Sample Broadcast content

• Public service announcements (PSAs)
• Reality television
• Talkshows
• Daily news
• Films
• Game shows
• Weather forecasts
• Sports
• Podcasts
• Interviews
• Advertising
• Documentaries
• Comedy

Writing the Script

• Lead (or Anchor Lead-In)
• Body or Content
• In broadcast scriptwriting, structure your story with the most important information.
• Introduce the story with a hook or provocative question.
• The body includes crucial information: argument, controversy, story, issue, evidence, background, logic etc.
• The tail includes extra and interesting such as related items and other background info.

Things to remember in news-writing

• Make the story short and simple
• Do not use words which are hard to pronounce
• Use short, ordinary conversational words
• Attribute the source of your story
• Use descriptive words when possible -Use descriptive words with care

Example News story

• The Metropolitan Manila Development Authority (MMDA) reported that EDSA Camp Aguinaldo experienced a flash flood of at least 2 feet
• The flood was caused by a drainage system clogged by large rock, cables and trash
• MMDA Chairman Don Artes has ordered a review of CCTV cameras to understand how the large rock ended up on the cover of the drainage system
• The public has been called to stop throwing trash in waterways
• Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) Quezon City District Engineer Johnny Protesta finds the flooding at EDSA unusual since additional drainage systems were constructed in the area in 2016

Common roles on a News Team

• Executive Producer (EP): Team leader who has final say in all editorial (content-based) decisions about the broadcast
• Accepts pitches and assigns stories to correspondents
• News Anchor: - Introduce the news correspondent
• Correspondent: - Production team member and ultimately is the “face” of the story

Other Important roles a News Team

• Producer directs the EP and works closely with the correspondent to lead production of a story
• Can include researching, choosing filming locations, booking guests and scripting
• Digital Producer creates original content for online audiences
• Helps repackage broadcast stories to be shared online
• Social Media Manager creates an organization's social media presence
• Post stories online interacts with audience members, tracks audience data and implements strategies to reach the most people
• Production Assistant (PA) takes direction from producers to support the production as needed
• Helps sets up equipment and running errands on production days