10 Questions
Where was Jose sent to study in Manila?
Ateneo de Municipal
Who accompanied Jose on his first day in Manila?
Paciano
What was the first school where Jose took the entrance examination?
College of San Juan de Letran
Why was Jose initially denied admission to Ateneo de Municipal?
- Late for registration, 2) Frail and sickly
Why was Jose finally admitted to Ateneo de Municipal?
Intervention of Manuel Xeres Burgos
What were the requirements for a candidate to be admitted to the Ateneo Municipal?
Pass an entrance examination in Christian doctrine, reading, writing, grammar, and elementary arithmetic.
Why did Jose Rizal take the surname 'Rizal' when he enrolled in Ateneo?
The family name Mercado had raised suspicions among authorities.
What did the Jesuit educational system incorporate into its program besides academics?
Physical culture, music, drawing, painting, vocational courses in agriculture, commerce, and mechanics.
How were the classes at Ateneo divided in terms of internos and externos?
Internos represented the Roman Empire, while externos represented the Carthaginian Empire.
How were individual competitions used to determine honors at Ateneo?
By catching opponents in error three times and earning points for their empire.
Study Notes
Jose's Early Education
- Jose was sent to Manila to study at the Ateneo de Municipal, a school run by Spanish Jesuits, four months after the martyrdom of Gom-Bur-Za.
- The school was later renamed Ateneo de Manila and was run by highly qualified educators.
- Jose's mother was still in prison when he started school.
Entrance Examinations and Initial Rejection
- Jose initially took the entrance examination at the College of San Juan de Letran and passed all subjects.
- He was initially denied admission to Ateneo de Municipal for being late for registration and being frail and sickly.
Intervention and Admission
- Jose was finally admitted to Ateneo de Municipal due to the intervention of Manuel Xeres Burgos, the nephew of one of the martyred priests.
Ateneo's Educational System
- The Jesuits were regarded as the best educators in Spain and were allowed to return to the Philippines.
- A candidate for admission to the Ateneo had to pass an entrance examination in Christian doctrine, reading, writing, grammar, and elementary arithmetic.
- The Jesuit educational system was thought to be more advanced than that of other colleges at the time.
- It incorporated physical culture, as well as the cultivation of the arts, into its program.
School Life and Discipline
- The school's discipline was strict and its methods were more mechanical.
- As a religious institute, it also established vocational courses in agriculture, commerce, and mechanics.
- Prior to the start of class, the students heard mass.
- Classes opened and closed with prayers.
Student Life and Competitions
- The classes were divided into internos and externos for the first two terms.
- Individual competitions were used to win honours, such as Emperor, Tribune, Decurion, Centurion, and Standard-Bearer.
- The empire with the most points was declared the winner at the end of each week or two.
Fraternity and Piety
- Only those who distinguished themselves in the class for their piety and diligence could join the fraternity of Mary and Saint Louis Gonzaga.
- The fraternity met on Sundays and held public programs after mass, such as poetry recitals.
Explore the educational journey of Jose Rizal in Manila, including his enrollment at Ateneo de Municipal and experiences at other prominent schools. Learn about the significant institutions and educators that influenced Rizal's early education.
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