José Rizal: Life and Legacy

Study Notes

José Rizal was a prominent Filipino nationalist and revolutionary leader, instrumental in the movement for Philippine independence from Spain.
Born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Laguna, he was known for his early advocacy for reform and social change.
Rizal was a polymath, excelling in multiple disciplines, particularly literature, medicine, and the arts.
His writings, which include novels, essays, and poems, inspired national consciousness and promoted the fight against colonialism.
Rizal’s most famous works, "Noli Me Tangere" and "El Filibusterismo," critiqued Spanish rule and inspired the next generation of revolutionaries.
His execution by the Spanish authorities on December 30, 1896, made him a martyr and solidified his status as a national hero in the Philippines.
Rizal advocated for peaceful reform rather than violent revolution, emphasizing education, unity, and civic engagement among Filipinos.

Born on June 19, 1861, in Calamba, Philippines.
Noted as a physician and writer, influential in the Filipino nationalist movement in the late 19th century.

Major figure in the struggle against Spanish colonial rule.
Advocated for reform rather than outright independence, influencing the movement towards autonomy.

Authored "Noli Me Tangere" (1887) and "El Filibusterismo" (1891), exposing abuses by Spanish authorities and the Catholic Church.
These novels awakened Filipino national consciousness and inspired the Propaganda Movement which sought political and social reforms despite colonial oppression.

Founded the Liga Filipina, a society aimed at promoting peaceful reform in the Philippines.
Its establishment marked an organized effort towards societal change under colonial rule.

Arrested and executed by Spanish authorities in 1896, despite not being involved in the violent Katipunan uprising.
His execution acted as a catalyst for the Philippine Revolution, demonstrating the futility of peaceful reform efforts.

Rizal is celebrated as a martyr and symbol of Filipino nationalism.
His life and writings continue to inspire the struggle for independence and are a significant part of Philippine history as he is revered as a national hero.