Questions and Answers
What does literature critically analyze?
Texts to unravel the emotions and messages intended by the writer.
What is literature described as in the context of history?
A mirror of the history of a nation.
What system of writing was replaced by the Roman alphabet during Spanish colonialism?
What was the first Spanish book printed in the Philippines?
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What influence did Modesto De Castro's Urbana at Felisa have?
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When did Jose Rizal win the first prize in a literary contest?
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What was the title of Rizal's masterpiece that won him the prize?
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What did Rizal argue was needed to challenge the maltreatment by Spanish authorities?
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What contributed positively to the Filipino nation's experience of Western civilization according to Rizal?
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According to Resil Mojares, what function can literature serve in society?
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Match the steps in inventing a national literature with their descriptions:
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How many fundamental steps are there in inventing national literature?
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Study Notes
Definition of Literature
- Literature comes from the Latin "litera," meaning letter, and critically analyzes texts for emotions and messages from authors to readers.
- Functions as a reflection of a nation's historical context and experiences.
Spanish Colonial Influence in the Philippines
- The Philippines underwent transformations in orthography and social communication during Spanish colonialism.
- Indigenous "Baybayin" script was replaced by the Roman alphabet, facilitating the spread of Catholic doctrines.
- The first Spanish book printed in the Philippines was "Doctrina de Christiana" (1593), followed by "Nuestra Señora del Rosario" (1602).
Impact of Literature on Filipino Values
- "Urbana at Felisa" by Modesto De Castro delineated ideals of womanhood, greatly influencing conservative 19th century Filipino women.
- Spanish authors like Felipe del Pan and Francisco de Paula Entrala dominated the literary scene, guiding Filipino writers.
Jose Rizal's Emergence as a Literary Figure
- At 19, Rizal won a literary contest in Manila for his essay "El Consejo delos Dioses," which highlighted Cervantes as an icon of reason and truth-seeking.
- Rizal’s writings challenged Spanish authorities' maltreatment of Filipinos, exposing racial discrimination and lack of basic human rights.
Rizal's Views on Colonial Influence
- Rizal acknowledged Spain's introduction of Western civilization to the Philippines but criticized the friars' arrogance and injustices towards Filipinos.
Literature as a Tool for Unity
- Resil Mojares argued literature could unite civilizations and foster a sense of empathy among Filipinos.
- A national literature would highlight the unique struggles of Filipinos and inspire progress.
Importance of National Literature
- Mojares proposed that a national literature could reflect the thoughts and aspirations of Filipinos, promoting self-worth and productivity.
- Current Filipino society requires national literature for unity and shared progress.
Steps in Inventing National Literature
- Asserting Difference: Disconnecting from colonial narratives and reviving pre-colonial literature and traditions.
- Internationalization: Promoting indigenous literatures (e.g., Tagalog, Cordilleran, Ilocano, Cebuano) in the global literary scene.
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Description
Explore the impact of Jose Rizal on the development of national literature. This quiz delves into how Rizal's writings reflect the historical and cultural context of his time. Test your knowledge of his contributions and the significance of literature in shaping national identity.
