Joints Flashcards

Study Notes

Joints Overview

Flat bones of the skull are joined by fibrous joints at the coronal suture, classifying structurally as fibrous and functionally as synarthrosis.
The temporomandibular joint is a synovial joint with diarthrosis function, allowing elevation, flexion, protraction, retraction, and gliding movements.
The atlanto-occipital joint is a synovial, diarthrosis joint of condyloid type, facilitating flexion, extension, and gliding.
The atlanto-axial joint, a pivot type of synovial joint, permits rotation movements.
Vertebral column joints are classified as cartilaginous (symphysis) and functionally categorized as amphiarthrosis.
Intervertebral joints are synovial and diarthrosis, allowing for flexion, extension, and rotation.
The sacroiliac joint is a synovial, diarthrosis joint, permitting slight gliding movements.
The pubic symphysis is a cartilaginous symphysis joint, functioning as amphiarthrosis.

Major Joints

The glenohumeral joint is a ball-and-socket synovial joint with diarthrosis function, allowing extensive movements (flexion, extension, rotation, circumduction, abduction, adduction, hyperextension).
The hip (coxal) joint is also a ball-and-socket synovial joint, permitting flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and rotation.
The knee joint (tibiofemoral) is a hinge type synovial joint, allowing for flexion, extension, and slight rotation.
The elbow joint is a hinge synovial joint, permitting flexion and extension.
The radioulnar joint is a pivot type synovial joint, facilitating pronation and supination.

Joint Classifications

Joints are articulations between bones and classified by tissue type (fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial) and movement.
Functional classifications include synarthrosis (immovable), amphiarthrosis (slightly movable), and diarthrosis (freely movable).
Fibrous joint types consist of sutures (synarthrosis), syndesmoses (amphiarthrosis), and gomphosis (amphiarthrosis).
Cartilaginous joints are categorized into synchondrosis (synarthrosis) and symphysis (amphiarthrosis).

Synovial Joints

There are six types of synovial joints: planar, hinge, pivot, condyloid, saddle, and ball-and-socket.
Synovial fluid serves to lubricate joints, absorb shock, and distribute nutrients.
Stabilizing structures include collagen fibers, menisci, adjacent bones or muscles, and tendons.
Accessory structures of synovial joints encompass tendons, fat pads, ligaments, cushioning cartilages, and bursae.
Bursae are pockets of synovial fluid that cushion areas where tendons or ligaments may rub, while tendon sheaths are tubelike bursae.

Joint Movements

Possible movements of synovial joints include flexion, extension, hyperextension, rotation, circumduction, abduction, adduction, and more specialized movements like pronation and supination.

Special Considerations

The sternoclavicular and acromioclavicular joints enhance the upper limb's range of motion.
The "unhappy triad" refers to injuries involving the tibial collateral ligament, medial meniscus, and anterior cruciate ligament (ACL).
Women are at a higher risk for ACL injuries due to a wider angle formed with the patella at the hips, placing them under more stress.

Description

Test your knowledge of various joints in the human body with these flashcards. From flat bones of the skull to the temporomandibular joint, learn about their structure, function, and types of movement. This quiz is perfect for students of anatomy and physiology.