24 Questions
What is the most common type of arthritis?
Osteoarthritis
Which type of arthritis is characterized by deposition of uric acid crystals in joints?
Gouty arthritis
What treatment is ineffective for osteoarthritis according to the text?
Glucosamine and chondroitin sulfate
Which type of arthritis is treated with antibiotics for acute forms?
Gouty arthritis
What is the initial symptom of rheumatoid arthritis mentioned in the text?
Joint pain and swelling
Which type of arthritis typically affects the joint at the base of the great toe?
Gouty arthritis
What is the function of joints in the human skeleton?
To give mobility to the skeleton
Which type of joint is immovable and found between the interlocking skull bones, except for the mandible?
Suture
Which type of fibrous joint allows for expansion during growth and eventually fuses in middle age?
Sutures
What is the fibrous joint where bones are connected by bands of fibrous tissue creating varying movement due to fiber length?
Syndesmoses
Which type of cartilaginous joint is primarily immovable and includes the temporary epiphyseal plate joints?
Synchondroses
What unites bones in a symphysis joint, providing strength and slight movement?
Fibrocartilage
In synovial joints, what covers the ends of bones to prevent the crushing of bone ends?
Hyaline cartilage
Which factor influences the stability of synovial joints?
Ligament tightness
What is the function of the synovial fluid in a synovial joint?
To lubricate and nourish the articular cartilage
Which of the following is NOT a type of synovial joint based on the shape of articular surfaces?
Gliding joint
What is the primary factor influencing the stability of a synovial joint?
The muscle tendons that cross the joint
Which of the following joints is NOT classified as a ball-and-socket joint?
Knee joint
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee joint?
To prevent forward sliding of the tibia and stop knee hyperextension
Which of the following is NOT a common type of joint injury?
Bone fractures
What is the primary function of the ligamentum teres in the hip joint?
To supply the artery that nourishes the head of the femur
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder?
Numbness in the fingers
What is the primary function of the bursae in synovial joints?
To reduce friction where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together
Which of the following movements is NOT an angular movement in synovial joints?
Gliding
Study Notes
Joints (Articulations)
- Sites where two or more bones meet
- Functions of joints:
- Give skeleton mobility
- Hold skeleton together
Classification of Joints
- Functional classification:
- Based on amount of movement joint allows
- Structural classification:
- Based on material binding bones together and presence/absence of joint cavity
- Three types:
- Synarthroses (immovable joints)
- Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints)
- Diarthroses (freely movable joints)
Fibrous Joints
- Immoveable joints
- Bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue
- No joint cavity
- Three types:
- Sutures (interlocking joints of skull bones, except mandible)
- Syndesmoses (bones connected by bands of fibrous tissue)
- Gomphoses (teeth in alveolar sockets)
Cartilaginous Joints
- Bones united by cartilage
- No joint cavity
- Two types:
- Synchondroses (almost all are synarthrotic, or immovable)
- Symphyses (fibrocartilage unites bone in symphysis joint)
Synovial Joints
- Bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity
- All are diarthrotic (freely movable)
- Characteristics:
- May have bursae and tendon sheaths associated with them
- Stability influenced by three factors
- Allow several types of movements
- Classified into six different types
- General features:
- Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage covering ends of bones)
- Joint or synovial cavity
- Articular (joint) capsule
- Synovial fluid
- Different types of reinforcing ligaments
- Nerves and blood vessels
Types of Synovial Joints
- Based on shape of articular surfaces and movement joint is capable of
- Six types:
- Plane
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Condylar
- Saddle
- Ball-and-socket
- Range of motion:
- Uniaxial (movement in one plane)
- Biaxial (movement in two planes)
- Multiaxial (movement in or around all three planes)
- Nonaxial (slipping movements only)
Movements of Synovial Joints
- Three general types of movements:
- Gliding movements (one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface)
- Angular movements (increase or decrease angle between two bones)
- Rotational movements (turning of bone around its own long axis)
Selected Synovial Joints
- Jaw (Temporomandibular Joint): modified hinge joint, allows for depression and elevation of mandible, and grinding of teeth
- Shoulder (Glenohumeral Joint): ball-and-socket joint, allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction
- Elbow Joint: hinge joint, allows for flexion and extension
- Hip (Coxal) Joint: ball-and-socket joint, allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction
- Knee Joint: modified hinge joint, allows for flexion, extension, and some rotation when knee is partly flexed
Homeostatic Imbalance
- Joint injuries and disorders:
- Dislocations
- Sprains
- Bursitis
- Tendonitis
- Inflammatory conditions (arthritis)
- Degenerative conditions (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis)
Test your knowledge on the classification of joints in the skeletal system. Learn about the functional and structural classifications of joints based on mobility, material binding bones together, and the presence or absence of joint cavities.
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