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Questions and Answers
What is the most common type of arthritis?
What is the most common type of arthritis?
Which type of arthritis is characterized by deposition of uric acid crystals in joints?
Which type of arthritis is characterized by deposition of uric acid crystals in joints?
What treatment is ineffective for osteoarthritis according to the text?
What treatment is ineffective for osteoarthritis according to the text?
Which type of arthritis is treated with antibiotics for acute forms?
Which type of arthritis is treated with antibiotics for acute forms?
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What is the initial symptom of rheumatoid arthritis mentioned in the text?
What is the initial symptom of rheumatoid arthritis mentioned in the text?
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Which type of arthritis typically affects the joint at the base of the great toe?
Which type of arthritis typically affects the joint at the base of the great toe?
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What is the function of joints in the human skeleton?
What is the function of joints in the human skeleton?
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Which type of joint is immovable and found between the interlocking skull bones, except for the mandible?
Which type of joint is immovable and found between the interlocking skull bones, except for the mandible?
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Which type of fibrous joint allows for expansion during growth and eventually fuses in middle age?
Which type of fibrous joint allows for expansion during growth and eventually fuses in middle age?
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What is the fibrous joint where bones are connected by bands of fibrous tissue creating varying movement due to fiber length?
What is the fibrous joint where bones are connected by bands of fibrous tissue creating varying movement due to fiber length?
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Which type of cartilaginous joint is primarily immovable and includes the temporary epiphyseal plate joints?
Which type of cartilaginous joint is primarily immovable and includes the temporary epiphyseal plate joints?
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What unites bones in a symphysis joint, providing strength and slight movement?
What unites bones in a symphysis joint, providing strength and slight movement?
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In synovial joints, what covers the ends of bones to prevent the crushing of bone ends?
In synovial joints, what covers the ends of bones to prevent the crushing of bone ends?
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Which factor influences the stability of synovial joints?
Which factor influences the stability of synovial joints?
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What is the function of the synovial fluid in a synovial joint?
What is the function of the synovial fluid in a synovial joint?
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Which of the following is NOT a type of synovial joint based on the shape of articular surfaces?
Which of the following is NOT a type of synovial joint based on the shape of articular surfaces?
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What is the primary factor influencing the stability of a synovial joint?
What is the primary factor influencing the stability of a synovial joint?
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Which of the following joints is NOT classified as a ball-and-socket joint?
Which of the following joints is NOT classified as a ball-and-socket joint?
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What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee joint?
What is the function of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) in the knee joint?
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Which of the following is NOT a common type of joint injury?
Which of the following is NOT a common type of joint injury?
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What is the primary function of the ligamentum teres in the hip joint?
What is the primary function of the ligamentum teres in the hip joint?
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Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder?
Which of the following is NOT a common symptom of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disorder?
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What is the primary function of the bursae in synovial joints?
What is the primary function of the bursae in synovial joints?
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Which of the following movements is NOT an angular movement in synovial joints?
Which of the following movements is NOT an angular movement in synovial joints?
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Study Notes
Joints (Articulations)
- Sites where two or more bones meet
- Functions of joints:
- Give skeleton mobility
- Hold skeleton together
Classification of Joints
- Functional classification:
- Based on amount of movement joint allows
- Structural classification:
- Based on material binding bones together and presence/absence of joint cavity
- Three types:
- Synarthroses (immovable joints)
- Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints)
- Diarthroses (freely movable joints)
Fibrous Joints
- Immoveable joints
- Bones connected by dense fibrous connective tissue
- No joint cavity
- Three types:
- Sutures (interlocking joints of skull bones, except mandible)
- Syndesmoses (bones connected by bands of fibrous tissue)
- Gomphoses (teeth in alveolar sockets)
Cartilaginous Joints
- Bones united by cartilage
- No joint cavity
- Two types:
- Synchondroses (almost all are synarthrotic, or immovable)
- Symphyses (fibrocartilage unites bone in symphysis joint)
Synovial Joints
- Bones separated by fluid-filled joint cavity
- All are diarthrotic (freely movable)
- Characteristics:
- May have bursae and tendon sheaths associated with them
- Stability influenced by three factors
- Allow several types of movements
- Classified into six different types
- General features:
- Articular cartilage (hyaline cartilage covering ends of bones)
- Joint or synovial cavity
- Articular (joint) capsule
- Synovial fluid
- Different types of reinforcing ligaments
- Nerves and blood vessels
Types of Synovial Joints
- Based on shape of articular surfaces and movement joint is capable of
- Six types:
- Plane
- Hinge
- Pivot
- Condylar
- Saddle
- Ball-and-socket
- Range of motion:
- Uniaxial (movement in one plane)
- Biaxial (movement in two planes)
- Multiaxial (movement in or around all three planes)
- Nonaxial (slipping movements only)
Movements of Synovial Joints
- Three general types of movements:
- Gliding movements (one flat bone surface glides or slips over another similar surface)
- Angular movements (increase or decrease angle between two bones)
- Rotational movements (turning of bone around its own long axis)
Selected Synovial Joints
- Jaw (Temporomandibular Joint): modified hinge joint, allows for depression and elevation of mandible, and grinding of teeth
- Shoulder (Glenohumeral Joint): ball-and-socket joint, allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction
- Elbow Joint: hinge joint, allows for flexion and extension
- Hip (Coxal) Joint: ball-and-socket joint, allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction
- Knee Joint: modified hinge joint, allows for flexion, extension, and some rotation when knee is partly flexed
Homeostatic Imbalance
- Joint injuries and disorders:
- Dislocations
- Sprains
- Bursitis
- Tendonitis
- Inflammatory conditions (arthritis)
- Degenerative conditions (osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, gouty arthritis)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the classification of joints in the skeletal system. Learn about the functional and structural classifications of joints based on mobility, material binding bones together, and the presence or absence of joint cavities.
