Joints and Muscles Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the gluteus medius muscle?

  • Knee flexion
  • Hip adduction
  • Hip abduction (correct)
  • Hip extension

    • Which of the following describes the quadriceps femoris muscle?

  • It is a two-part muscle.
  • It is located on the back of the thigh.
  • It is responsible for hip adduction.
  • It provides extension to the knee joint. (correct)

    • What role does the gastrocnemius muscle play in movement?

  • It provides dorsi flexion of the foot.
  • It aids in the abduction of the arm.
  • It causes hip joint extension.
  • It enables the leg to flex and rise on tiptoe. (correct)

    • Which muscle is known as the boxer muscle due to its role in arm movement?

    <p>Serratus anterior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of the trapezius muscle?

    <p>To prevent the shoulder from collapsing under load.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of skeletal muscles?

    <p>Movement and generating heat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which contraction occurs without any change in muscle length?

    <p>Isometric contraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a motor unit?

    <p>A motor neuron and all muscle cells it innervates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the place where muscle attaches to bone?

    <p>Tendon</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the muscle known as the 'vaccine muscle' that contributes to the shoulder's round shape?

    <p>M.deltoideus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How are muscles generally named?

    <p>Based on their shape, location, function, and size</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which muscle is known as the strongest flexor of the thigh?

    <p>M.iliopsoas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'innervation' indicate?

    <p>The nerve that stimulates the muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joints are characterized by a lack of movement between the ends of the bones?

    <p>Fibrous joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joints are referred to as non-synovial joints?

    <p>Fibrous joints and Cartilaginous joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the synovial membrane in synovial joints?

    <p>To secrete joint fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following movements is defined as 'bending' in the sagittal plane?

    <p>Flexion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which axis extends from top to bottom and is associated with internal and external rotation?

    <p>Vertical Axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the opposite movement of pronation?

    <p>Supination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'abduction' specifically refer to in terms of limb movement?

    <p>Moving a limb away from the midline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Inversion of the foot results in which of the following actions?

    <p>The soles facing each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Joints and Muscles

    • Joints connect bones, enabling movement.
    • Muscles produce movement by pulling on bones.
    • Joints are classified by their movement and structure:
      • Fibrous joints: Immovable or have slight movement.
      • Cartilaginous joints: Connected by cartilage; limited movement.
      • Synovial joints: Have a fluid-filled cavity; most mobile.
        • These joints have articular cartilage, a capsule, ligaments, and synovial fluid.

    Types of Joints

    • Fibrous joints:

      • Offer little to no movement.
      • Examples: Sutures of the skull, distal tibiofibular joint.
      • Function: Hold bones tightly together.

    • Cartilaginous joints:

      • Allow limited movement.
      • Examples: Pubic symphysis, intervertebral discs.
      • Function: Provide cushioning and slight flexibility.

    • Synovial joints:

      • Highly mobile joints.
      • Examples: Knee, hip, shoulder.
      • Function: Enable wide range of motion.

    Types of Synovial Joints

    • Classified by shape:
      • Ball-and-socket: Wide range of motion (e.g., shoulder, hip).
      • Hinge: Flexion and extension (e.g., elbow, knee).
      • Pivot: Rotation (e.g., atlas and axis).
      • Saddle: Bends in two directions (e.g., thumb).
      • Plane: Sliding movement (e.g., intercarpal joints).
      • Condylar: Movement in two directions (e.g., metacarpophalangeal joints).

    Anatomical Axes

    • Sagittal axis: Runs from front to back.
    • Vertical axis: Runs from top to bottom.
    • Frontal axis: Runs from side to side.

    Types of Movement

    • Flexion: Decreases the angle between two bones.
    • Extension: Increases the angle between two bones.
    • Abduction: Movement away from the body's midline.
    • Adduction: Movement toward the body's midline.
    • Rotation: Movement around a central axis.
    • Circumduction: Circular movement.
    • Supination: Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces forward.
    • Pronation: Rotation of the forearm so the palm faces backward.
    • Inversion: Movement of the sole of the foot inward.
    • Eversion: Movement of the sole of the foot outward.
    • Dorsiflexion: Bending the foot upward.
    • Plantar flexion: Bending the foot downward.

    Muscle Types

    • Skeletal muscle: Voluntary movement, attached to bones.
    • Cardiac muscle: Involuntary, found in the heart.
    • Smooth muscle: Involuntary, found in the digestive system and other organs.

    Skeletal Muscle Function

    • Movement production
    • Heat generation
    • Stabilization
    • Posture maintenance

    Terminology of Muscles

    • Origin: Point of attachment of muscle to stationary bone.
    • Insertion: Point of attachment of muscle to movable bone.
    • Tendon: Cord of fibrous tissue connecting muscle to bone.
    • Aponeurosis: Flattened, sheet-like tendon.
    • Contraction: Muscle shortening.
      • Isometric: No change in muscle length.
      • Isotonic: Change in muscle length.

    Motor Units

    • Motor neuron and all muscle fibers it innervates.
    • Not all motor units need to contract simultaneously.

    Naming Muscles

    • Based on shape, location, size, action, number of origins.

    Shoulder Girdle (Deltoid)

    • Rounding the shoulder
    • Abduction
    • Flexion
    • Extension

    Brachial Region (Biceps Brachii)

    • Flexion
    • Supination

    Brachii Region (Triceps Brachii)

    • Extension of forearm

    Hip Region (Iliopsoas)

    • Flexion of the thigh

    Gluteus Maximus

    • Hip extension

    Gluteus Medius

    • Hip abduction

    Femoral Region (Quadriceps Femoris)

    • Knee extension
    • Hip flexion

    Crural Region (Tibialis Anterior)

    • Dorsiflexion of ankle

    Crural Region (Triceps Surae)

    • Plantar flexion of ankle

    Thoracic Region (Pectoralis Major)

    • Adduction of the arm
    • Rotates arm upward

    Diaphragm

    • Important muscle for respiration
    • Separates the thoracic and abdominal cavities.

    Dorsal Region (Trapezius)

    • Prevents shoulder collapse

    Abdominal Region

    • Assists in movement, pressure, and organ functions.

    Facial Muscles

    • Control facial expressions
    • Originate from bones or fascia, insert into facial skin.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the basics of joints and muscles, including how joints connect bones and the types of joints classified by their movement. Explore the distinctions between fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial joints along with their functions and examples.

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