80 Questions
What is the primary function of joints in the human body?
To hold the skeletal bones together and allow for flexibility
What type of joints are immovable?
Synarthroses
How many joints are present in the human body?
230
What type of tissue holds bones together in fibrous joints?
Fibrous connective tissue
What is the term for the junction between two or more bones?
Joint
What is the function of amphiarthroses?
To provide slight flexibility
What type of joints are classified based on the tissues that lie between the bones?
Joints classified by structure
Which of the following is NOT a classification of joints by structure?
Diarthroses
What is the characteristic of synovial joints?
Complex structure with cartilage and cavities
What happens to the angle of a joint during flexion?
It decreases
What is hyperextension?
Extension beyond 180 degrees
What is abduction?
Movement of a part away from the midline
What is medial rotation?
Turning the bone inwards
What is protraction?
Moving a body part forward
What type of joint is characterized by the articulating surfaces of the bones being joined by fibrous tissue?
Fibrous joint
What is an example of a fibrous joint?
The sutures of the skull
What type of joint is characterized by a space between the bones, known as a synovial cavity?
Synovial joint
What type of cartilage is found in the articular surfaces of synovial joints?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the main function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?
To reduce friction between bones
What type of joint is characterized by bones bound by ligaments only?
Syndesmosis
What is the purpose of the capsule of the joint in synovial joints?
To protect the synovial membrane
What type of joint is characterized by bones joined by hyaline cartilage?
Synchondroses
What is the term for the lining of the joint cavity in synovial joints?
Synovial membrane
What is the main difference between synovial joints and other types of joints?
The presence of a synovial cavity
Which type of joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction?
Ball-and-socket joint
What is the characteristic of a Pivot joint?
Rotation is the only movement possible
Which joint resembles the hinge on a door?
Hinge joint
What is the unique feature of a Saddle joint?
Concave and convex articular surfaces
Which type of joint is characterized by two distinct convex surfaces that articulate with two concave surfaces?
Condyloid joint
What is the movement possible in a Pivot joint?
Rotation
Which joint is an example of a Saddle joint?
Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
What is the characteristic of a Ball-and-socket joint?
A ball-shaped head of one bone that fits into a socketlike concavity of another
What is the characteristic of the articular surface in 6-plane joints?
Flat
Which type of joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction but not rotation?
Ellipsoid joints
What is the function of tendons in synovial joints?
Hold muscle to bone
What is the term for the inflammation of the synovial membrane?
Synovitis
What is the function of bursa in synovial joints?
Produce synovial fluid
What type of joint is the wrist joint an example of?
Ellipsoid joints
What is the term for the storage of crystals of uric acid in the vicinity of a joint?
Gout
What is the term for the crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure in synovial joints?
Meniscus
What happens to the angle of a joint during extension?
The joint returns to its anatomical position
Which type of movement occurs when a body part is moved away from the midline?
Abduction
What type of joint is characterized by the presence of a cavity between the bones?
Synovial joint
What is the term for the movement of a body part in a horizontal direction, away from the midline?
Protraction
Which type of movement involves the rotation of a body part around a vertical axis?
Rotation
What is the term for the movement of a bone that turns it inwards?
Medial rotation
Which type of joint is characterized by the articulating surfaces of the bones being joined by fibrous tissue?
Fibrous joint
What is the term for the movement of a body part in a horizontal direction, towards the midline?
Adduction
What is the main function of joints in the body, aside from holding bones together?
To allow for gross movement
Which type of joint classification is based on the degree of mobility?
Classification by function
What is the term for the junction between two or more bones?
Articulation
How many joints are present in the human body?
230
What type of tissue is found in cartilagenous joints?
Cartilage
What is the characteristic of diarthroses?
Slightly movable
Which of the following is NOT a function of joints?
Regulating body temperature
What is the term for the site where two or more bones come together?
Articulation
What type of joint allows for free movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction?
Ball-and-socket joint
Which type of joint is characterized by a central bony pivot surrounded by a bony-ligamentous ring?
Pivot joint
What is the characteristic of a Saddle joint?
The articular surface is concave and convex
What type of joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, but not rotation?
Plane joint
Which type of joint has two distinct convex surfaces that articulate with two concave surfaces?
Condyloid joint
What is the only movement possible in a Pivot joint?
Rotation
Which joint resembles the hinge on a door?
Hinge joint
What type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb an example of?
Saddle joint
What is the characteristic of the joint between the 1st rib and the manubrium sterni?
It is an example of a synchondroses
What type of cartilage is found in the articular surfaces of synovial joints?
Hyaline cartilage
What is the term for the lining of the joint cavity in synovial joints?
Synovial membrane
What is the characteristic of a syndesmosis?
Two bones bound by ligament only
What type of joint is characterized by bones joined by fibrous cartilage?
Symphysis
What is the purpose of the synovial fluid in synovial joints?
To reduce friction between the bones
What is the characteristic of the joint between the vertebrae?
It is a symphysis
What is the characteristic of the joint between the tibia and fibula at the distal end?
It is a syndesmosis
What is the characteristic of the articular surface in 6-Plane joints?
Flat
Which type of joint is characterized by the inability to rotate?
Ellipsoid joint
What is the function of the labrum in synovial joints?
To form a fibrocartilage ring around the bony cup
What is the term for the inflammatory illness of a joint?
Arthritis
What is the primary function of bursa in synovial joints?
To reduce friction between skin and underlying bony structures
What is the term for the storage of crystals of uric acid in the vicinity of a joint?
Gout
What is the characteristic of the metacarpophalangeal joints?
They are ellipsoid joints
What is the term for the inflammation of the synovial membrane?
Synovitis
Study Notes
Joints
- A joint is the junction between two or more bones, except for the hyoid bone
- There are 230 joints in the body
- Joints hold skeletal bones together and allow for flexibility and gross movement
- Joints are also necessary for bone growth
Classification of Joints
- Classification by structure:
- Fibrous joints (bones held together by fibrous connective tissue)
- Cartilagenous joints (bones held together by cartilage)
- Synovial joints (complex structure with cartilage and cavities)
- Classification by function:
- Synarthroses (immovable joints)
- Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints)
- Diarthroses (freely movable joints)
Types of Joints
- Synovial joints:
+Ball-and-socket joints (e.g. hip and shoulder)
- Hinge joints (e.g. elbow, knee, and ankle)
- Pivot joints (e.g. atlantoaxial and superior radioulnar joints)
- Saddle joints (e.g. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb)
- Condyloid joints (e.g. metacarpophalangeal joints)
- Plane joints (e.g. carpal bone and patella-femur)
- Ellipsoid joints (e.g. wrist joint)
- Other types of joints:
- Fibrous joints:
- Sutures of the skull
- Cartilagenous joints:
- Synchondroses (e.g. between the 1st rib and the manubrium sterni)
- Symphysis (e.g. between vertebrae and pubic bone)
- Fibrous joints:
Movement of Joints
- Flexion: decreases the angle of a joint
- Extension: straightens and returns to the anatomical position
- Hyperextension: extension beyond 180 degrees
- Abduction: movement of a part away from the midline
- Adduction: movement towards the midline
- Rotation: movement on a vertical axis
- Medial rotation: turns the bone inwards
- Lateral rotation: turns the bone outwards
- Protraction: moving a body part forward (anterior movement) in a transverse or horizontal direction
- Retraction: posterior movement
Other Structures in Synovial Joints
- Tendons: collagen-based connective tissue that hold muscle to bone
- Ligaments: collagen-based connective tissue that hold bone to bone
- Labrum: a fibrocartilage ring around the bony cup
- Bursa: fibrous "sac" that holds synovial fluid
- Meniscus: a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure
Joint Disorders
- Arthritis: inflammatory illness of a joint (e.g. rheumatic, psoriatic, septic, gout)
- Osteoarthritis: bone degeneration due to old age
- Synovitis: inflammation of the synovial membrane
Joints
- A joint is the junction between two or more bones, except for the hyoid bone
- There are 230 joints in the body
- Joints hold skeletal bones together and allow for flexibility and gross movement
- Joints are also necessary for bone growth
Classification of Joints
- Classification by structure:
- Fibrous joints (bones held together by fibrous connective tissue)
- Cartilagenous joints (bones held together by cartilage)
- Synovial joints (complex structure with cartilage and cavities)
- Classification by function:
- Synarthroses (immovable joints)
- Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints)
- Diarthroses (freely movable joints)
Types of Joints
- Synovial joints:
+Ball-and-socket joints (e.g. hip and shoulder)
- Hinge joints (e.g. elbow, knee, and ankle)
- Pivot joints (e.g. atlantoaxial and superior radioulnar joints)
- Saddle joints (e.g. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb)
- Condyloid joints (e.g. metacarpophalangeal joints)
- Plane joints (e.g. carpal bone and patella-femur)
- Ellipsoid joints (e.g. wrist joint)
- Other types of joints:
- Fibrous joints:
- Sutures of the skull
- Cartilagenous joints:
- Synchondroses (e.g. between the 1st rib and the manubrium sterni)
- Symphysis (e.g. between vertebrae and pubic bone)
- Fibrous joints:
Movement of Joints
- Flexion: decreases the angle of a joint
- Extension: straightens and returns to the anatomical position
- Hyperextension: extension beyond 180 degrees
- Abduction: movement of a part away from the midline
- Adduction: movement towards the midline
- Rotation: movement on a vertical axis
- Medial rotation: turns the bone inwards
- Lateral rotation: turns the bone outwards
- Protraction: moving a body part forward (anterior movement) in a transverse or horizontal direction
- Retraction: posterior movement
Other Structures in Synovial Joints
- Tendons: collagen-based connective tissue that hold muscle to bone
- Ligaments: collagen-based connective tissue that hold bone to bone
- Labrum: a fibrocartilage ring around the bony cup
- Bursa: fibrous "sac" that holds synovial fluid
- Meniscus: a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure
Joint Disorders
- Arthritis: inflammatory illness of a joint (e.g. rheumatic, psoriatic, septic, gout)
- Osteoarthritis: bone degeneration due to old age
- Synovitis: inflammation of the synovial membrane
Learn about the importance of joints in the human body, their functions, and how they enable movement and bone growth.
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