Joints and Articulations in the Human Body
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of joints in the human body?

  • To aid in bone growth and development
  • To hold the skeletal bones together and allow for flexibility (correct)
  • To protect internal organs
  • To regulate body temperature

    • What type of joints are immovable?

  • Fibrous joints
  • Synarthroses (correct)
  • Diarthroses
  • Amphiarthroses

    • How many joints are present in the human body?

  • 250
  • 200
  • 210
  • 230 (correct)

    • What type of tissue holds bones together in fibrous joints?

    <p>Fibrous connective tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the junction between two or more bones?

    <p>Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of amphiarthroses?

    <p>To provide slight flexibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joints are classified based on the tissues that lie between the bones?

    <p>Joints classified by structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a classification of joints by structure?

    <p>Diarthroses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of synovial joints?

    <p>Complex structure with cartilage and cavities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the angle of a joint during flexion?

    <p>It decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is hyperextension?

    <p>Extension beyond 180 degrees</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is abduction?

    <p>Movement of a part away from the midline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is medial rotation?

    <p>Turning the bone inwards</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is protraction?

    <p>Moving a body part forward</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is characterized by the articulating surfaces of the bones being joined by fibrous tissue?

    <p>Fibrous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an example of a fibrous joint?

    <p>The sutures of the skull</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is characterized by a space between the bones, known as a synovial cavity?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage is found in the articular surfaces of synovial joints?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of synovial fluid in synovial joints?

    <p>To reduce friction between bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is characterized by bones bound by ligaments only?

    <p>Syndesmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the capsule of the joint in synovial joints?

    <p>To protect the synovial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is characterized by bones joined by hyaline cartilage?

    <p>Synchondroses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lining of the joint cavity in synovial joints?

    <p>Synovial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between synovial joints and other types of joints?

    <p>The presence of a synovial cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction?

    <p>Ball-and-socket joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a Pivot joint?

    <p>Rotation is the only movement possible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint resembles the hinge on a door?

    <p>Hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unique feature of a Saddle joint?

    <p>Concave and convex articular surfaces</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is characterized by two distinct convex surfaces that articulate with two concave surfaces?

    <p>Condyloid joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the movement possible in a Pivot joint?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint is an example of a Saddle joint?

    <p>Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a Ball-and-socket joint?

    <p>A ball-shaped head of one bone that fits into a socketlike concavity of another</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the articular surface in 6-plane joints?

    <p>Flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction but not rotation?

    <p>Ellipsoid joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of tendons in synovial joints?

    <p>Hold muscle to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation of the synovial membrane?

    <p>Synovitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of bursa in synovial joints?

    <p>Produce synovial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the wrist joint an example of?

    <p>Ellipsoid joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the storage of crystals of uric acid in the vicinity of a joint?

    <p>Gout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure in synovial joints?

    <p>Meniscus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the angle of a joint during extension?

    <p>The joint returns to its anatomical position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of movement occurs when a body part is moved away from the midline?

    <p>Abduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is characterized by the presence of a cavity between the bones?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of a body part in a horizontal direction, away from the midline?

    <p>Protraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of movement involves the rotation of a body part around a vertical axis?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of a bone that turns it inwards?

    <p>Medial rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is characterized by the articulating surfaces of the bones being joined by fibrous tissue?

    <p>Fibrous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the movement of a body part in a horizontal direction, towards the midline?

    <p>Adduction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of joints in the body, aside from holding bones together?

    <p>To allow for gross movement</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint classification is based on the degree of mobility?

    <p>Classification by function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the junction between two or more bones?

    <p>Articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many joints are present in the human body?

    <p>230</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of tissue is found in cartilagenous joints?

    <p>Cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of diarthroses?

    <p>Slightly movable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of joints?

    <p>Regulating body temperature</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the site where two or more bones come together?

    <p>Articulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint allows for free movements, including flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, medial rotation, lateral rotation, and circumduction?

    <p>Ball-and-socket joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is characterized by a central bony pivot surrounded by a bony-ligamentous ring?

    <p>Pivot joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a Saddle joint?

    <p>The articular surface is concave and convex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint allows for flexion, extension, abduction, and adduction, but not rotation?

    <p>Plane joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has two distinct convex surfaces that articulate with two concave surfaces?

    <p>Condyloid joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the only movement possible in a Pivot joint?

    <p>Rotation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint resembles the hinge on a door?

    <p>Hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is the carpometacarpal joint of the thumb an example of?

    <p>Saddle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the joint between the 1st rib and the manubrium sterni?

    <p>It is an example of a synchondroses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of cartilage is found in the articular surfaces of synovial joints?

    <p>Hyaline cartilage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the lining of the joint cavity in synovial joints?

    <p>Synovial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a syndesmosis?

    <p>Two bones bound by ligament only</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is characterized by bones joined by fibrous cartilage?

    <p>Symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the synovial fluid in synovial joints?

    <p>To reduce friction between the bones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the joint between the vertebrae?

    <p>It is a symphysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the joint between the tibia and fibula at the distal end?

    <p>It is a syndesmosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the articular surface in 6-Plane joints?

    <p>Flat</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is characterized by the inability to rotate?

    <p>Ellipsoid joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the labrum in synovial joints?

    <p>To form a fibrocartilage ring around the bony cup</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammatory illness of a joint?

    <p>Arthritis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of bursa in synovial joints?

    <p>To reduce friction between skin and underlying bony structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the storage of crystals of uric acid in the vicinity of a joint?

    <p>Gout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the metacarpophalangeal joints?

    <p>They are ellipsoid joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the inflammation of the synovial membrane?

    <p>Synovitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Joints

    • A joint is the junction between two or more bones, except for the hyoid bone
    • There are 230 joints in the body
    • Joints hold skeletal bones together and allow for flexibility and gross movement
    • Joints are also necessary for bone growth

    Classification of Joints

    • Classification by structure:
      • Fibrous joints (bones held together by fibrous connective tissue)
      • Cartilagenous joints (bones held together by cartilage)
      • Synovial joints (complex structure with cartilage and cavities)
    • Classification by function:
      • Synarthroses (immovable joints)
      • Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints)
      • Diarthroses (freely movable joints)

    Types of Joints

    • Synovial joints: +Ball-and-socket joints (e.g. hip and shoulder)
      • Hinge joints (e.g. elbow, knee, and ankle)
      • Pivot joints (e.g. atlantoaxial and superior radioulnar joints)
      • Saddle joints (e.g. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb)
      • Condyloid joints (e.g. metacarpophalangeal joints)
      • Plane joints (e.g. carpal bone and patella-femur)
      • Ellipsoid joints (e.g. wrist joint)
    • Other types of joints:
      • Fibrous joints:
        • Sutures of the skull
      • Cartilagenous joints:
        • Synchondroses (e.g. between the 1st rib and the manubrium sterni)
        • Symphysis (e.g. between vertebrae and pubic bone)

    Movement of Joints

    • Flexion: decreases the angle of a joint
    • Extension: straightens and returns to the anatomical position
    • Hyperextension: extension beyond 180 degrees
    • Abduction: movement of a part away from the midline
    • Adduction: movement towards the midline
    • Rotation: movement on a vertical axis
    • Medial rotation: turns the bone inwards
    • Lateral rotation: turns the bone outwards
    • Protraction: moving a body part forward (anterior movement) in a transverse or horizontal direction
    • Retraction: posterior movement

    Other Structures in Synovial Joints

    • Tendons: collagen-based connective tissue that hold muscle to bone
    • Ligaments: collagen-based connective tissue that hold bone to bone
    • Labrum: a fibrocartilage ring around the bony cup
    • Bursa: fibrous "sac" that holds synovial fluid
    • Meniscus: a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure

    Joint Disorders

    • Arthritis: inflammatory illness of a joint (e.g. rheumatic, psoriatic, septic, gout)
    • Osteoarthritis: bone degeneration due to old age
    • Synovitis: inflammation of the synovial membrane

    Joints

    • A joint is the junction between two or more bones, except for the hyoid bone
    • There are 230 joints in the body
    • Joints hold skeletal bones together and allow for flexibility and gross movement
    • Joints are also necessary for bone growth

    Classification of Joints

    • Classification by structure:
      • Fibrous joints (bones held together by fibrous connective tissue)
      • Cartilagenous joints (bones held together by cartilage)
      • Synovial joints (complex structure with cartilage and cavities)
    • Classification by function:
      • Synarthroses (immovable joints)
      • Amphiarthroses (slightly movable joints)
      • Diarthroses (freely movable joints)

    Types of Joints

    • Synovial joints: +Ball-and-socket joints (e.g. hip and shoulder)
      • Hinge joints (e.g. elbow, knee, and ankle)
      • Pivot joints (e.g. atlantoaxial and superior radioulnar joints)
      • Saddle joints (e.g. carpometacarpal joint of the thumb)
      • Condyloid joints (e.g. metacarpophalangeal joints)
      • Plane joints (e.g. carpal bone and patella-femur)
      • Ellipsoid joints (e.g. wrist joint)
    • Other types of joints:
      • Fibrous joints:
        • Sutures of the skull
      • Cartilagenous joints:
        • Synchondroses (e.g. between the 1st rib and the manubrium sterni)
        • Symphysis (e.g. between vertebrae and pubic bone)

    Movement of Joints

    • Flexion: decreases the angle of a joint
    • Extension: straightens and returns to the anatomical position
    • Hyperextension: extension beyond 180 degrees
    • Abduction: movement of a part away from the midline
    • Adduction: movement towards the midline
    • Rotation: movement on a vertical axis
    • Medial rotation: turns the bone inwards
    • Lateral rotation: turns the bone outwards
    • Protraction: moving a body part forward (anterior movement) in a transverse or horizontal direction
    • Retraction: posterior movement

    Other Structures in Synovial Joints

    • Tendons: collagen-based connective tissue that hold muscle to bone
    • Ligaments: collagen-based connective tissue that hold bone to bone
    • Labrum: a fibrocartilage ring around the bony cup
    • Bursa: fibrous "sac" that holds synovial fluid
    • Meniscus: a crescent-shaped fibrocartilaginous structure

    Joint Disorders

    • Arthritis: inflammatory illness of a joint (e.g. rheumatic, psoriatic, septic, gout)
    • Osteoarthritis: bone degeneration due to old age
    • Synovitis: inflammation of the synovial membrane

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