42 Questions
Passive Range Of Motion (ROM) refers to movements generated by the individual's own muscles.
False
The physiological barrier is located at the middle range of motion.
False
Degrees of freedom represent the number of independent movements allowed at a joint.
True
Spin in osteokinematics refers to movement back and forth around a fixed pivot point in multiple planes.
False
Impure swing involves pure rotation around another axis.
True
Joint play is increased when ligaments and capsules are relatively taut.
False
Active Range Of Motion (ROM) requires external force by a therapist to move one articular surface on another.
False
Squeezing out of fluid during joint compression has a negative effect on joint nutrition.
False
The study of the classification, structure, and function of joints is an important foundation for the overall study of kinesiology.
True
Detailed information about joint structure and function is not a prerequisite for understanding joint impairments and effective rehabilitation.
False
The design of a joint depends solely on the function of the joint.
False
Joints with the main function of stability will have a different design than joints with the main function of mobility.
True
Synarthroses are joints that allow no movement between the bones.
True
The design of a joint becomes less complex as functional demands increase.
False
Joints can be classified based on their potential for movement.
True
Arthrokinematics and osteokinematics are not important topics in the study of joint structure and function.
False
Accessory motion is under voluntary control and can be tested by the application of an external force.
False
If the joint structures are tight, the joint will have too much play and become unstable.
False
For a convex-on-concave surface movement, the convex member rolls and slides in the same directions.
False
In a saddle shape joint, the combined movements involve roll-and-slide.
True
In a ball and socket joint, the combined movements involve roll-and-slide and spin.
True
Abduction without a concurrent inferior slide causes the humeral head to impinge against the arch and block further abduction.
True
The knee joint is relatively externally rotated when fully extended.
True
In the close-packed position, the joint is in a position of maximal natural structural stability and is resistant to tensile forces that tend to cause distraction (separation) of the joint surfaces.
True
Fibroblasts are found in ligaments and tendons.
True
Chondrocytes are found in hyaline and fibrocartilage.
True
Dense connective tissue contains a high content of ground substance.
False
The collagen fibers in tendons are oriented in a single direction.
True
Ligaments have slack fibers oriented in multiple directions.
True
Articular cartilage covers the ends of articulating bones in synovial joints.
True
The collagen fibers in articular cartilage are of type I.
False
Dense connective tissue has a high metabolism due to its rich blood supply.
False
Bone is a specialized connective tissue.
True
The outer cortex of bone is porous and cancellous.
False
Bone fibers are made of highly cross-linked type I collagen.
True
The ground substance in bone has a high content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).
False
Osteocytes are the cells found in bone tissue.
True
Bone has a poor potential for healing.
False
Bone remodeling occurs in response to physical activity and hormonal influences.
True
Bone is strongest against tensile forces.
False
Viscoelasticity refers to a material's ability to return to its original state after deformation.
False
Tissues with high viscosity exhibit low resistance to deformation.
False
Study Notes
Joint Position and Play
- Joint position refers to the relationship between two adjacent articular surfaces
- Loose-packed (resting) position: ligaments and capsule are relatively slackened, less natural structural stability, and increased joint play
- Close-packed position: maximal congruency, ligaments and capsule are pulled taut, maximal natural structural stability, and resistant to tensile forces
Osteokinematics
- Spin: rotation around a bone's long axis
- Swing: rotation around a joint axis
- Pure swing: movement back and forth around a fixed pivot point in one plane
- Impure swing: secondary movement around another axis
- Degree of freedom (DOF): the number of independent movements allowed at a joint
- 3 translational motions and 3 angular motions
Range of Motion (ROM)
- Active ROM: maximum force in middle range for flexors and inner range for extensors
- Passive ROM: end feel, physiological barrier, and outer range
- Start ROM: 1/3, 1/3, and inner range
- End feel: overpressure at the end of ROM to determine the quality of each passive movement
Bone Structure and Function
- Bone is a specialized connective tissue that resists deformation, provides a rigid lever to transmit muscle force, and allows for dynamic metabolism and good healing potential
- Bone composition: compact and cancellous bone, with a framework of highly cross-linked type I collagen and hard mineral salts
- Haversian canals system allows for a rich source of blood and nerves deep within the cortex
Connective Tissue
- Viscoelasticity: combination of elasticity and viscosity
- Elasticity: a solid material's ability to return to its original state following deformation
- Viscosity: resistance of a fluid to change in shape, measured by the resistance to gradual deformation by shear or tensile stress
Arthrokinematic Principles of Movement
- Convex-concave rule: convex member rolls and slides in opposite directions, while concave member rolls and slides in the same direction
- Combined movements: roll-and-slide, spin, and glide
- Saddle shape joint, ball and socket joint, condyloid or trochoginglymus joint
Dense Connective Tissue
- Anatomic location: most nonmuscular "soft tissues" surrounding a joint
- Fibers: high type I collagen fiber content, parallel fibers in bundles oriented in several directions
- Ground substance: low content
- Cells: fibroblasts, limited blood supply, and low metabolism
Articular Cartilage
- Anatomic location: covers the ends of articulating bones in synovial joints
- Fibers: high type II collagen fiber content, forming a restraining "scaffolding" that adds structural stability
- Ground substance: high content
Joint Structure and Function
- Arthrology: study of the classification, structure, and function of joints
- Objectives: joint design, arthrokinematics, osteokinematics, and properties and functions of materials in human joints
Explore the classification, structure, and function of joints in the field of physiotherapy, covering joint design and arthrokinematics. Gain detailed knowledge to understand impairments and rehabilitate individuals with joint dysfunction effectively.
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