Joint Structure and Function in Physiotherapy

Passive Range Of Motion (ROM) refers to movements generated by the individual's own muscles.

The physiological barrier is located at the middle range of motion.

Degrees of freedom represent the number of independent movements allowed at a joint.

Spin in osteokinematics refers to movement back and forth around a fixed pivot point in multiple planes.

Impure swing involves pure rotation around another axis.

Joint play is increased when ligaments and capsules are relatively taut.

Active Range Of Motion (ROM) requires external force by a therapist to move one articular surface on another.

Squeezing out of fluid during joint compression has a negative effect on joint nutrition.

The study of the classification, structure, and function of joints is an important foundation for the overall study of kinesiology.

Detailed information about joint structure and function is not a prerequisite for understanding joint impairments and effective rehabilitation.

The design of a joint depends solely on the function of the joint.

Joints with the main function of stability will have a different design than joints with the main function of mobility.

Synarthroses are joints that allow no movement between the bones.

The design of a joint becomes less complex as functional demands increase.

Joints can be classified based on their potential for movement.

Arthrokinematics and osteokinematics are not important topics in the study of joint structure and function.

Accessory motion is under voluntary control and can be tested by the application of an external force.

If the joint structures are tight, the joint will have too much play and become unstable.

For a convex-on-concave surface movement, the convex member rolls and slides in the same directions.

In a saddle shape joint, the combined movements involve roll-and-slide.

In a ball and socket joint, the combined movements involve roll-and-slide and spin.

Abduction without a concurrent inferior slide causes the humeral head to impinge against the arch and block further abduction.

The knee joint is relatively externally rotated when fully extended.

In the close-packed position, the joint is in a position of maximal natural structural stability and is resistant to tensile forces that tend to cause distraction (separation) of the joint surfaces.

Fibroblasts are found in ligaments and tendons.

Chondrocytes are found in hyaline and fibrocartilage.

Dense connective tissue contains a high content of ground substance.

The collagen fibers in tendons are oriented in a single direction.

Ligaments have slack fibers oriented in multiple directions.

Articular cartilage covers the ends of articulating bones in synovial joints.

The collagen fibers in articular cartilage are of type I.

Dense connective tissue has a high metabolism due to its rich blood supply.

Bone is a specialized connective tissue.

The outer cortex of bone is porous and cancellous.

Bone fibers are made of highly cross-linked type I collagen.

The ground substance in bone has a high content of glycosaminoglycans (GAGs).

Osteocytes are the cells found in bone tissue.

Bone has a poor potential for healing.

Bone remodeling occurs in response to physical activity and hormonal influences.

Bone is strongest against tensile forces.

Viscoelasticity refers to a material's ability to return to its original state after deformation.

Tissues with high viscosity exhibit low resistance to deformation.