Joint Structure and Function in Physiotherapy

The study of the classification, structure, and function of joints is not an important foundation for the overall study of kinesiology.

Detailed information about joint structure and function is not a prerequisite for understanding impairments of joints or for employing effective rehabilitation of persons with joint dysfunction.

The design of a joint and the materials in its construction depend only on the function of the joint, not on the nature of the components.

If the function of a joint is to provide stability or static support, the joint will have the same design as when the desired function is mobility.

Synarthroses are a type of joint that allows slight to essentially no movement.

The design of a joint becomes less complex as functional demands increase.

Accessory motion is under voluntary control and can be tested by the application of an external force.

If the joint structures are tight, the joint will have too much play and become unstable.

For a concave-on-convex surface movement, the concave member rolls and slides in the opposite directions.

Abduction without a concurrent inferior slide causes the humeral head to impinge against the arch and block further abduction.

The knee joint is relatively externally rotated when fully extended in the close-packed position.

The close-packed position of a joint is resistant to compressive forces that tend to cause distraction (separation) of the joint surfaces.

Passive range of motion (PROM) involves the patient actively moving their joint to assess its mobility.

The close-packed position of a joint has a beneficial effect on joint nutrition.

Degrees of freedom in joint movement refer to the number of independent movements allowed at a joint.

Impure swing in osteokinematics involves pure back and forth movement around a fixed pivot point.

End feel in range of motion (ROM) refers to the maximum force applied at the middle range of motion.

True or False: Joint play is reduced when ligaments and capsules are relatively slackened.

Fibroblasts are the cells found in ligaments and tendons.

The stress-strain curve for connective tissues reflects their inherent ability to tolerate loads.

Chondrocytes are the cells found in hyaline and fibrocartilage.

Bone is not considered a specialized connective tissue.

The $S$ in the stress formula $S = F/A$ represents the area over which the force $F$ is applied.

Ligaments have slack fibers oriented in more than one direction.

The elastic or linear zone (Zone B) of the stress-strain curve indicates that the tissue will return to its original length or shape after the deforming force is removed.

The nonlinear region (Zone A) of the stress-strain curve reflects the fact that the collagen fibers within the ligament must first be compressed before significant tension is measured.

Tendons transfer tensile loads between activated muscle and the bone they insert into.

The magnitude and direction of the load applied to a structure or material determines the type of mechanical stress that develops within it.

Articular cartilage has a low content of ground substance.

The point of application of the load is not a factor in determining the type of mechanical stress that develops within a structure or material.