29 Questions
What is the incidence of infection in orthopaedic trauma patients?
5% to 10%
What is the recommended method to diagnose implant-related infection?
Multilocus Polymerase Chain Reaction (MPCR) with electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry and optical imaging
How can biofilm formation on orthopaedic implants be treated?
Irrigation, debridement, antibiotics or complete removal of the infected implant
Who is the intended audience for the contents of the lecture?
BSc (Hons) students of TWC
What is the recommended approach for managing orthopaedics infection?
Recognize, prevent, diagnose & manage infection
Which factor is crucial for infection control in osteomyelitis and osteonecrosis?
Soft-tissue envelope evaluation
What percentage reduction in postoperative complications can be achieved by pre-operative smoking cessation?
49%
What is the approximate prevalence of osteomyelitis per 100,000 people a year?
2.4
What is the main cause of osteonecrosis?
Decreased blood flow
How is diagnosis of osteomyelitis primarily conducted?
Symptoms, blood tests, medical imaging, and bone biopsy
What is the recommended treatment for post-traumatic osteomyelitis?
Surgical debridement and antimicrobial therapy
What is the Ficat and Arlet classification based on?
Clinical symptoms and MRI findings
Which joints are commonly affected by osteonecrosis?
Hips and knees
What are some common causes of osteonecrosis?
Trauma, corticosteroid use, and alcohol consumption
How is osteonecrosis diagnosed?
X-rays, bone scans, and MRI
What is a management option for osteonecrosis?
Core decompression
What may living with osteonecrosis lead to?
Osteoarthritis
What are the best predictors of infection diagnosis?
Serum tests (ESR and CRP levels)
What is a common mode of failure after Total Joint Replacement?
Implant infection
What can increase stability and improve outcomes for infected nonunions of long bones?
Coating intramedullary (IM) rods with antibiotic PMMA cement
What is a common cause of orthopaedic implant infection?
Glycocalyceal mode of bacterial growth
What is least valuable for diagnosing infection?
Nuclear imaging scans
What is a common sign of wound infection?
Purulent drainage
Which of the following are symptoms of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)?
Swelling, joint effusion, and decreased range of motion
How can adolescents participating in organized sports prevent osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)?
Educating themselves on the risks of overuse, learning proper mechanics and techniques, using protective gear, and participating in strength and stability training exercises
What is a potential cause of osteochondritis dissecans (OCD)?
Reduced blood flow and a potential genetic component
What is a potential mode of infection for prosthetic joint infections?
Through the bloodstream or direct penetration into the joint, often caused by bacterial infections
What are the risk factors for septic arthritis?
An artificial joint, prior arthritis, diabetes, and poor immune function
What is the initial treatment for septic arthritis?
Antibiotics such as vancomycin, ceftriaxone, or ceftazidime, and surgery may be necessary to clean out the joint
Study Notes
Joint Conditions and Infections Overview
- Osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) is a joint condition where bone underneath the cartilage dies due to lack of blood flow, commonly occurring in children and adolescents, particularly in the knee, elbows, and ankles.
- Symptoms of OCD vary based on the size of the injury and whether the fragment is partially or completely detached, including pain on weight-bearing, swelling, joint effusion, and decreased range of motion.
- The exact cause of OCD is unknown, but it is thought to be related to reduced blood flow and a potential genetic component.
- Adolescents participating in organized sports can prevent OCD by educating themselves on the risks of overuse, learning proper mechanics and techniques, using protective gear, and participating in strength and stability training exercises.
- Septic arthritis, or joint infection, can lead to joint inflammation, with symptoms including redness, heat, pain, decreased joint movement, fever, weakness, and headache.
- Septic arthritis can be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites, and risk factors include an artificial joint, prior arthritis, diabetes, and poor immune function.
- Joints can become infected via the blood, trauma, or infection around the joint, with diagnosis involving joint aspiration and culture.
- Initial treatment for septic arthritis typically involves antibiotics such as vancomycin, ceftriaxone, or ceftazidime, and surgery may be necessary to clean out the joint.
- Prosthetic joint infections occur in a small percentage of knee and hip joints, with early, delayed, and late phases characterized by different symptoms and common bacteria.
- The mode of infection for prosthetic joint infections can occur through the bloodstream or direct penetration into the joint, often caused by bacterial infections.
- Risk factors for prosthetic joint infections include age over 80 years, diabetes mellitus, osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, immunosuppressive medication, intravenous drug abuse, recent joint surgery, and skin infection.
- In Hong Kong in 2016, there were 692 HIV reports and 111 AIDS reports, with the majority of cases among males, and the most common HIV subtypes being CRF01_AE and B.
Test your knowledge of joint conditions and infections with this informative quiz. Learn about osteochondritis dissecans (OCD), septic arthritis, and prosthetic joint infections. Understand the symptoms, causes, risk factors, and treatments for these conditions to improve your understanding of joint health.
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