A&P CH 9
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Questions and Answers

What type of joint allows for the greatest range of motion?

  • Saddle joint
  • Synarthrosis
  • Pivot joint
  • Ball-and-socket joint (correct)

    • Which of the following joints is classified as monaxial?

  • Shoulder
  • Wrist
  • Knee
  • Elbow (correct)

    • Which classification type characterizes joints that allow a slight range of movement?

  • Amphiarthrosis (correct)
  • Diarthrosis
  • Synovial
  • Synarthrosis

    • Which type of synarthrotic joint is exemplified by the sutures of the skull?

    <p>Suture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure in synovial joints provides a cushion for tendons and ligaments?

    <p>Bursa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a factor contributing to the stabilization of synovial joints?

    <p>Synovial fluid viscosity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A joint that is surrounded by a joint capsule containing synovial fluid is classified as which type?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of diarthrosis allows for rotational movement only?

    <p>Pivot joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The term used for joints that are immovable and very strong is?

    <p>Synarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of tendons in relation to synovial joints?

    <p>Attach muscle to bone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structural classification of joints involves bones connected by cartilage?

    <p>Cartilaginous</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of joint mobility, what type of joint allows for movement in three different planes?

    <p>Triaxial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What joint structure is primarily responsible for filling the joint cavity with fluid?

    <p>Synovial membrane</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of joints are classified as immovable?

    <p>Synarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification includes joints that can move slightly and may be defined as cartilaginous?

    <p>Amphiarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structural component helps stabilize synovial joints by limiting their range of motion?

    <p>Ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of synovial joint allows for only rotational movement?

    <p>Pivot</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint type is characterized by the presence of a joint capsule and a synovial membrane?

    <p>Synovial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that contributes to the stabilization of synovial joints?

    <p>Synovial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which joint type features articulating surfaces that fit together like a rider in a saddle?

    <p>Saddle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for providing cushioning in areas where tendons rub against other tissues within synovial joints?

    <p>Bursae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is classified as biaxial and allows for movement in two planes?

    <p>Saddle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint is described as having articulating surfaces that permit rotation only?

    <p>Pivot joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification includes joints that are slightly movable?

    <p>Amphiarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which anatomical feature surrounds a synovial joint, providing stability and containing the synovial membrane?

    <p>Joint capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic distinguishes a diarthrosis joint from other classifications?

    <p>It is freely movable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following types of synarthrotic joints is formed by the fusion of two bones?

    <p>Synostosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term best describes the structures that stabilize synovial joints and prevent injury by limiting their range of motion?

    <p>Accessory structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In joint mobility, which type of joint allows for movement only in a single plane?

    <p>Monaxial</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What anatomical term refers to the liquid found within the synovial joint cavity, essential for lubrication?

    <p>Synovial fluid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Joint Classifications

    • Structural Classifications:
      • Based on anatomy
      • Four types: fibrous, cartilaginous, bony, synovial
    • Functional Classifications:
      • Based on range of motion
      • Three types:
        • Synarthrosis: Immovable joints
        • Amphiarthrosis: Slightly movable joints
        • Diarthrosis: Freely movable joints
      • Synarthrosis (Immovable Joints):
        • Strong joints
        • Edges of bones may touch or interlock
        • Can be fibrous or cartilaginous
        • Four types of synarthrotic joints:
          • Suture: Found in skull
          • Gomphosis: Tooth in socket
          • Synchondrosis: Plates of hyaline cartilage
          • Synostosis: Fusion of two bones
      • Synovial Joints (Diarthroses):
        • Freely movable
        • Found at the ends of long bones
        • Surrounded by a joint capsule (articular capsule) containing:
          • Synovial membrane: Produces synovial fluid
          • Synovial fluid: Fills the joint cavity
        • Articular cartilage: Covers articulating surfaces
        • Articular cartilage purpose: Prevents direct contact between bones
        • Synovial joints are weaker but more mobile
        • Stabilization is key for these joints and is achieved through:
          • Collagen fibers of joint capsule and ligaments
          • Shapes of articulating surfaces and menisci
          • Other bones, muscles, or fat pads
          • Tendons attached to articulating bones

    Stabilizing Synovial Joints

    • Accessory Structures:
      • Ligaments: Connect bone to bone
      • Tendons: Connect muscle to bone
      • Bursae: Small sacs of synovial fluid that cushion tendons or ligaments
    • Sprain: Injured ligament with torn fibers

    Movement Categories

    • Planes of Movement:
      • Monaxial: Movement in one plane (eg. elbow)
      • Biaxial: Movement in two planes (eg. wrist)
      • Triaxial: Movement in three planes (eg. shoulder)
    • Joint Types:
      • Saddle Joint: Articular faces fit together like a rider in a saddle (biaxial)
      • Pivot Joint: Rotation only (monaxial)
      • Ball-and-Socket Joint: Round head in a cup-shaped depression (triaxial)

    Joint Classifications

    • Joints are classified based on their structure (anatomy) and function (range of motion).
    • Structure determines function.

    Structural Classifications

    • Fibrous Joints: Bones are connected by dense connective tissue, offering little to no movement.
    • Cartilaginous Joints: Bones are connected by cartilage, allowing for slight movement.
    • Bony Joints: Bones are fused together, offering no movement.
    • Synovial Joints: Bones are connected by a joint capsule containing synovial fluid, allowing for free movement.

    Functional Classifications

    • Synarthrosis (Immovable Joint): Very strong joints with bones touching or interlocking. Examples include sutures, gomphoses, synchondroses, and synostoses.
    • Amphiarthrosis (Slightly Movable Joint): Allows for a limited range of motion.
    • Diarthrosis (Freely Movable Joint): Examples include synovial joints.

    Synovial Joints (Diarthroses)

    • Features: Freely movable joints found at the ends of long bones.
    • Components:
      • Joint Capsule (Articular Capsule): Fibrous lining that encloses the joint.
      • Synovial Membrane: Lines the joint capsule and secretes synovial fluid.
      • Synovial Fluid: Lubricating fluid within the joint cavity, reducing friction.
      • Articular Cartilage: Smooth cartilage that covers articulating surfaces, preventing direct contact between bones.

    Stabilizing Factors in Synovial Joints

    • Ligaments: Connective tissue that connects bones, restricting excessive movement.
    • Tendons: Connective tissue that connects muscles to bones, enhancing stability.
    • Bursae: Small sacs filled with synovial fluid, cushioning tendons and ligaments where they rub against other tissues.

    Types of Synovial Joints

    • Plane Joint: Flat or slightly curved surfaces allowing for sliding or gliding movements.
    • Hinge Joint: Allows for flexion and extension, like a hinge.
    • Pivot Joint: Allows for rotation around a central axis.
    • Condyloid Joint: Allows for flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, and circumduction.
    • Saddle Joint: Allows for biaxial movement where articular surfaces fit together like a rider in a saddle.
    • Ball-and-Socket Joint: Allows for triaxial movement where a rounded head fits into a cup-shaped socket.

    Joint Injuries

    • Sprain: Tear or stretch of ligaments, caused by excessive force.

    Joint Classifications

    • Joints are classified by structure (anatomy) and function (range of motion).
    • Structure determines function.

    Structural Classifications

    • Fibrous: Bones joined by dense connective tissue.
    • Cartilaginous: Bones joined by cartilage.
    • Bony: Bones joined by osseous tissue (fused).
    • Synovial: Bones joined with a fluid-filled joint cavity.

    Functional Classifications

    • Synarthrosis (immovable): Extremely strong joints, edges of bones may touch or interlock, can be fibrous or cartilaginous.
      • Types:
        • Suture: Fibrous joint found between bones of the skull.
        • Gomphosis: Fibrous joint between tooth and jawbone.
        • Synchondrosis: Cartilaginous joint between bones (e.g., ribs and sternum).
        • Synostosis: Bony fusion of two bones (e.g., epiphyseal plates).
    • Amphiarthrosis (slightly movable): Permits slight movement, joined by cartilage.
    • Diarthrosis (freely movable): Allows wide range of motion, known as synovial joints.

    Synovial Joints

    • Characteristics:
      • Found at the ends of long bones.
      • Surrounded by a joint capsule (articular capsule) containing a synovial membrane.
      • Synovial fluid fills the joint cavity and is produced by the synovial membrane.
      • Articular cartilage covers the articulating surfaces, preventing direct bone-to-bone contact.

    Stabilizing Structures

    • Accessory structures: Provide support to synovial joints, limiting their range of motion and preventing injury.
      • Cartilages and fat pads: Fill spaces and cushion.
      • Ligaments: Strong, fibrous connective tissue that connects bone to bone.
      • Tendons: Connect muscle to bone.
      • Bursae: Small, fluid-filled sacs that cushion areas where tendons or ligaments rub against other tissues.

    Factors that Stabilize Synovial Joints

    • Collagen fibers of joint capsule and ligaments: Provide tensile strength.
    • Shapes of articulating surfaces and menisci: Determines the type of movement allowed.
    • Other bones, muscles, or fat pads: Provide support and stability.
    • Tendons attached to articulating bones: Provide force and direction for movement.

    Sprain

    • A sprain is an injury to a ligament with torn fibers.

    Movements

    • Movements are described based on the plane or direction of movement and the relationship between structures.
    • Planes of Movement:
      • Monaxial: Movement in one plane (e.g., elbow).
      • Biaxial: Movement in two planes (e.g., wrist).
      • Triaxial: Movement in three planes (e.g., shoulder).

    Types of Synovial Joints

    • Saddle Joint: Articular faces fit together like a rider in a saddle (e.g., thumb); Biaxial.
    • Pivot Joint: Rotation around a central axis (e.g., radius and ulna); Monaxial.
    • Ball-and-Socket Joint: Round head fits into a cup-shaped depression (e.g., shoulder, hip); Triaxial.

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    A&P CH 9 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the structural and functional classifications of joints, including synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis. It explores the types of joints based on anatomy and their range of motion, providing insight into various joint structures such as fibrous and synovial joints.

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