John Snow's Cholera Epidemic Investigations

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What did John Snow demonstrate as the key source of cholera epidemics in England?

Infected food

Unsanitary living conditions

Polluted air

Contaminated water (correct)

In which city did John Snow conduct pioneering investigations on cholera epidemics?

New York

London (correct)

Paris

Berlin

What led to the cessation of the cholera epidemic in the Soho district of London?

Public awareness campaigns

Quarantine measures

Improved medical treatments

Removal of the handle from the Broad Street pump (correct)

Where did the frequent large-scale cholera epidemics in European cities primarily originate from in the 19th century?

The Indian subcontinent Signup and view all the answers

What was the key source of the cholera epidemics as demonstrated by John Snow's investigations?

Contaminated water from the Broad Street pump Signup and view all the answers

In which century was cholera a major global scourge with frequent large-scale epidemics in European cities?

19th century Signup and view all the answers

What did John Snow's investigation of the Soho district in London lead to?

He concluded that contaminated water from the Broad Street pump was the source of the disease Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome of removing the handle of the Broad Street pump during the cholera epidemic?

Cessation of the epidemic Signup and view all the answers

What does the epidemiological analysis exclude in relation to the plague described in the text?

Common source diseases and most respiratory diseases Signup and view all the answers

What does the mass grave discovered in 2001, related to the plague years, reveal?

Presence of ancient microbial typhoid DNA Signup and view all the answers

Which category does the plague described fall into?

Reservoir diseases (zoonotic or vector-borne) Signup and view all the answers

What is the likely cause of the sudden epidemic described in the text?

Plague Signup and view all the answers

When did the epidemic break, as described in the text?

Early May 430 BC Signup and view all the answers

What is the duration of the epidemic described in the text?

4.5 to 5 years Signup and view all the answers

What disease caused the Plague of Athens, based on the modern literature?

Smallpox Signup and view all the answers

Which methodology has shed new light on the identification of the disease that caused the Plague of Athens?

Forensic anthropology Signup and view all the answers

According to Thucydides' careful description, what clinical symptoms did the Athenian plague exhibit?

Pustular rash, high fever, and diarrhea Signup and view all the answers

What has mathematical modeling allowed for in the study of the Plague of Athens?

Examination of infection and attack rates Signup and view all the answers

What was the population impact of the Plague of Athens?

25% of the city's population died Signup and view all the answers

Who left an eye-witness account of the Plague of Athens?

Thucydides Signup and view all the answers