Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the recommended maximum alcohol consumption per week?
What is the recommended maximum alcohol consumption per week?
How long, on average, does it take to build a new habit?
How long, on average, does it take to build a new habit?
Which aspect of the COM-B model refers to the ability to perform a behaviour?
Which aspect of the COM-B model refers to the ability to perform a behaviour?
What does the term 'intrinsic motivation' refer to?
What does the term 'intrinsic motivation' refer to?
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Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of health?
Which of the following is NOT considered a determinant of health?
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In the context of behaviour change, what does the 'automatic process' refer to in the COM-B model?
In the context of behaviour change, what does the 'automatic process' refer to in the COM-B model?
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What is a significant outcome of understanding the influences on behaviour?
What is a significant outcome of understanding the influences on behaviour?
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Which of these elements is NOT part of the COM-B model?
Which of these elements is NOT part of the COM-B model?
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What is meant by 'reflective processes' in the COM-B model?
What is meant by 'reflective processes' in the COM-B model?
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Which of the following factors is commonly considered a barrier to behaviour change?
Which of the following factors is commonly considered a barrier to behaviour change?
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What is the recommended frequency for toothbrushing to maintain excellent oral health?
What is the recommended frequency for toothbrushing to maintain excellent oral health?
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What is the maximum recommended daily intake of free sugar for individuals aged 11 years and older?
What is the maximum recommended daily intake of free sugar for individuals aged 11 years and older?
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What is the recommended approach for fluoride toothpaste use in children under 6 years?
What is the recommended approach for fluoride toothpaste use in children under 6 years?
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What proportion of the UK population aged 18 years and older were reported to smoke in 2019?
What proportion of the UK population aged 18 years and older were reported to smoke in 2019?
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What is one of the primary benefits of cleaning all tooth surfaces while brushing?
What is one of the primary benefits of cleaning all tooth surfaces while brushing?
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According to the DBOH Toolkit, what should individuals do to improve their diet for better oral health?
According to the DBOH Toolkit, what should individuals do to improve their diet for better oral health?
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What technique should be adapted to individual patient needs while brushing?
What technique should be adapted to individual patient needs while brushing?
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What is the percentage of people who use fluoride toothpaste in the UK?
What is the percentage of people who use fluoride toothpaste in the UK?
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What is the main focus of behaviour change in oral health?
What is the main focus of behaviour change in oral health?
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What type of toothbrush is recommended for effective tooth brushing?
What type of toothbrush is recommended for effective tooth brushing?
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What approach should be encouraged regarding smoking to improve oral health?
What approach should be encouraged regarding smoking to improve oral health?
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Which model identifies factors that influence behaviour relevant to health?
Which model identifies factors that influence behaviour relevant to health?
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What is a key component of patient-centred conversations in oral health?
What is a key component of patient-centred conversations in oral health?
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Why is behaviour change important for oral health professionals?
Why is behaviour change important for oral health professionals?
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Which of the following is NOT included in evidence-based guidelines for behaviour change?
Which of the following is NOT included in evidence-based guidelines for behaviour change?
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What encompasses oral health-related behaviours?
What encompasses oral health-related behaviours?
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How can psychological theory contribute to behaviour change practices?
How can psychological theory contribute to behaviour change practices?
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What type of assessment is emphasized for future learning in this context?
What type of assessment is emphasized for future learning in this context?
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Which behaviour change technique is emphasized in the practice of oral health?
Which behaviour change technique is emphasized in the practice of oral health?
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When addressing behaviour change, what is a critical outcome for health professionals?
When addressing behaviour change, what is a critical outcome for health professionals?
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Which factor is a part of Bella's psychological capacity that influences her flossing behavior?
Which factor is a part of Bella's psychological capacity that influences her flossing behavior?
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What aspect of the COM-B model might be the primary target to improve Bella's flossing habits?
What aspect of the COM-B model might be the primary target to improve Bella's flossing habits?
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How does social norm influence health behaviors such as flossing according to the content?
How does social norm influence health behaviors such as flossing according to the content?
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What is a potential barrier that could prevent someone like Bella from flossing regularly?
What is a potential barrier that could prevent someone like Bella from flossing regularly?
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In Bella's case, which element of the COM-B model is indicated by her belief that flossing caused bleeding?
In Bella's case, which element of the COM-B model is indicated by her belief that flossing caused bleeding?
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What could be an implication of Bella's emotional reaction to flossing for public health campaigns?
What could be an implication of Bella's emotional reaction to flossing for public health campaigns?
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Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing Bella's ability to floss?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing Bella's ability to floss?
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Which intervention might best support Bella's return to regular flossing?
Which intervention might best support Bella's return to regular flossing?
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What is a typical outcome when individuals do not perceive flossing as a social norm?
What is a typical outcome when individuals do not perceive flossing as a social norm?
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Which element of the COM-B model is primarily focused on when addressing the physical skill of flossing?
Which element of the COM-B model is primarily focused on when addressing the physical skill of flossing?
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Study Notes
Behaviour Change
- Behaviour change is relevant to oral and general health.
- Evidence-based guidelines for oral health-related behaviours should be understood.
- The COM-B model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation – Behaviour) explains behaviour influences.
- Patient-centred conversations support oral health behaviour change in dental hygiene and therapy practice.
GDC Learning Outcomes
- Lists of GDC Learning Outcome codes are provided (1.1.1, 1.1.11, 1.7.1, 1.10.1, 1.10.2, 1.10.3, 1.11.1, 2.3, 3.1, 3.2, 4.1, 6.1, 6.2, 6.3).
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Students will describe behaviour change and its relevance to oral and general health.
- Students will familiarise themselves with evidence-based guidelines for oral health behaviours.
- Students will identify factors influencing behaviour using the COM-B model.
- Students will discuss how patient-centred conversations support oral health behaviour change.
Assessment
- Formative: Active engagement in sessions and peer feedback.
- Summative: E-assessment and OSCE.
- Future: Effective behaviour change improves patient health outcomes.
Links to Prior Learning
- History Taking: Dental, social, diet.
- Delivering Better Oral Health Toolkit: Evidence-based guidance for behaviour change.
- Communication: Verbal, non-verbal, clinical conversations.
Outline for the Session
- Theory: Definitions, context, evidence for oral health behaviours.
- Influences on Behaviour: Psychological theory (COM-B).
- Behaviour Change: In action, linked to communication.
- Practical: Case studies in teams.
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Definitions:
- Behaviour: What is done in response to internal or external factors.
- Health Behaviour: What impacts the health, positively or negatively.
- Behaviour Change: Actions taken to change existing behaviours.
Why is this important?
- Behaviours influence health and well-being, including oral health.
- Oral health professionals should support patients to adopt positive health behaviours.
Evidence-based Guidance
- National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) provides guidance.
- NICE provides guidance on oral health promotion in general dental practice (NG30).
- Behaviour change strategies are discussed, targeting individual approaches to general health.
Oral health-related behaviours quiz
- A quiz on oral health-related behaviours was administered using mentimeter.
- The quiz aimed to test understanding of related behaviours and relevant guidance.
Oral Health in the UK
- 75% of the population report cleaning their teeth twice daily.
- 66% of the population has visible plaque.
- A significant proportion (9 in 10 ) require support for oral health.
- Data on dental attendance and excellent oral health are provided by age group, using ADHS 2009 data.
Toothbrushing advice
- Use a powered or manual toothbrush, adapting to patient needs.
- Benefits include reducing dental caries and periodontal disease risk.
- Proper and consistent brushing is essential.
Dietary guidance
- Based on the DBOH Toolkit, recommendations include reducing sugar intake.
- Also, eat a balanced diet with plenty of fruits and vegetables.
- The NHS advises daily free sugar recommendations (30g/day for 11+ years old).
Dietary intake of free sugars
- Data on dietary intake of free sugars by age group and gender (NDNS 2016/17).
Fluoride Exposure
- Fluoride toothpaste (1450 ppm, lower concentrations for younger children) usage is high (76%).
- Spitting but not rinsing is advised for fluoride application.
Smoking advice
- Recommendations discourage smoking and encourage cessation.
- Around 14% of the UK population smokes (aged 18+).
Alcohol advice
- Limit alcohol intake to 14 units a week.
Attendance
- Recommendations for dental attendance are based on risk using NICE guidance.
- Intervals between oral health reviews are discussed.
BSP UK Clinical Practice Guidelines
- Guidelines for the treatment of periodontal diseases are provided.
- Focus areas include diagnosis, periodontal health/gingivitis/periodontitis, explaining disease and risk factors/ treatment, importance of Oral Hygiene.
Impact of oral health-related behaviours
- The relationship between oral health, systemic health, and behaviours are presented visually.
What influences our behaviour?
- The factors that influence behaviour are highlighted using a diagram.
Own experiences of influences on behaviour
- This section discusses influences on behaviour through examples, visual representations, and diagrams.
The wider determinants of health
- Social, economic, and environmental factors influence health behaviour.
- This section presents various factors impacting health.
Motivation
- Factors motivating specific actions are explored.
- Intrinsic and extrinsic motivation types are discussed.
Habits
- Creating habits for improved oral hygiene is an aim.
- It takes 66 days for a habit to develop, emphasizing this concept for patients.
COM-B Model
- For effective behaviour change, interventions should be aligned with evidence-based theories.
- The framework is central for explaining complex behaviours.
- The COM-B Model (Capability, Opportunity, Motivation) underpinning behaviours in health.
COM-B Model - example application
- COM-B model is applied to the example of eating chocolate.
- Demonstrates practical application of this model.
COM-B Model applied to oral health
- Describes how the COM-B model applies to tooth-brushing.
Psychology of clinical practice – Case scenario 1 – Bella
- A case example (Bella) shows how the COM-B model is applied in clinical practice.
- Bella’s case illustrates a scenario in which the COM-B Model can be implemented in a dental practice.
COM-B Model applied to Case Scenario 1 – Bella
- This section analyses the case of Bella, a patient at the dental clinic, using the COM-B Model. A detailed analysis of Bella's scenario is provided. The factors influencing her oral health habit-forming were addressed using this model.
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