Podcast
Questions and Answers
What event led to the exile of Jews from England in 1290?
What event led to the exile of Jews from England in 1290?
Heavy taxation and large fines that they could no longer afford to pay
Who led the delegation to negotiate with the Jewish Community in Amsterdam in 1651?
Who led the delegation to negotiate with the Jewish Community in Amsterdam in 1651?
Oliver Cromwell
What was the condition for Jews to live and trade in England during Cromwell's rule?
What was the condition for Jews to live and trade in England during Cromwell's rule?
They did not make their Judaism too public and did not try to convert others
What congregation did the Marano merchants form in London?
What congregation did the Marano merchants form in London?
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What was the significance of the 1723 Act of Parliament?
What was the significance of the 1723 Act of Parliament?
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Which family of Jews played a significant role in England after the resettlement?
Which family of Jews played a significant role in England after the resettlement?
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What was the occupation of the Marano merchants in London?
What was the occupation of the Marano merchants in London?
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Who was the leader of the Jewish Community in Amsterdam that negotiated with Cromwell's delegation?
Who was the leader of the Jewish Community in Amsterdam that negotiated with Cromwell's delegation?
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Where did Mayer Anschel Rothschild develop a bank and set up branches in 5 European cities?
Where did Mayer Anschel Rothschild develop a bank and set up branches in 5 European cities?
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Who did Sir Moses Montefiore become the brother-in-law of after marrying Judith Cohen?
Who did Sir Moses Montefiore become the brother-in-law of after marrying Judith Cohen?
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What did Lionel Rothschild refuse to do initially because of the Christian oath prescribed by Parliament?
What did Lionel Rothschild refuse to do initially because of the Christian oath prescribed by Parliament?
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Who supported Lionel Rothschild's campaign to change the oath in the House of Commons?
Who supported Lionel Rothschild's campaign to change the oath in the House of Commons?
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When did the first Jewish MP, Lionel Rothschild, take his oath in Parliament?
When did the first Jewish MP, Lionel Rothschild, take his oath in Parliament?
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Why did Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland move to Britain in the late 19th century?
Why did Jewish immigrants from Russia and Poland move to Britain in the late 19th century?
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What prevented many poor Jews from leaving their countries of origin legally?
What prevented many poor Jews from leaving their countries of origin legally?
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What did Sir Moses Montefiore build on his personal estate in Ramsgate, Kent?
What did Sir Moses Montefiore build on his personal estate in Ramsgate, Kent?
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What title was Sir Moses Montefiore awarded in 1846?
What title was Sir Moses Montefiore awarded in 1846?
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Why did Lionel Rothschild campaign for change to the oath in Parliament?
Why did Lionel Rothschild campaign for change to the oath in Parliament?
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What measures were taken to prevent the spread of infectious diseases among immigrants?
What measures were taken to prevent the spread of infectious diseases among immigrants?
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What was the aim of Thomas Dewar and William Evans-Gordon when they were elected to Parliament in 1900?
What was the aim of Thomas Dewar and William Evans-Gordon when they were elected to Parliament in 1900?
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What led to an influx of Jewish refugees seeking entry to Britain in the 1930s?
What led to an influx of Jewish refugees seeking entry to Britain in the 1930s?
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How many Jewish refugees were able to enter Britain during the 1930s?
How many Jewish refugees were able to enter Britain during the 1930s?
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Study Notes
Jewish History in England
- In the 12th and 13th centuries, England had a significant Jewish population.
- Under Edward I, Jews faced heavy taxation, large fines, and eventually, expulsion in 1290.
- For the next 3.5 centuries, Jews were banned from entering England.
Resettlement
- In 1651, Oliver Cromwell wanted to attract rich Jews from Amsterdam to London.
- Cromwell sent a delegation to Amsterdam to negotiate with Rabbi Menasseh Ben Israel.
- In 1655, Menasseh requested permission for Jews to return to England, but a national conference couldn't agree.
- Cromwell gave informal permission for Jews to live and trade in England, provided they kept their Judaism private.
Marano Merchants
- In the mid-17th century, a large number of Marano merchants (secret Jews from Spain and Portugal) settled in London.
- They formed a secret congregation, which eventually became the Bevis Marks Synagogue, still used today.
- These merchants conducted business with the East and West Indies, Canary Islands, Brazil, Holland, Spain, and Portugal.
Rothschild Family
- Mayer Anschel Rothschild developed a bank and set up branches in 5 European cities, with each of his 5 sons in charge.
- The family's fortune began with Nathan Mayer Rothschild, who financed the English army.
- The Rothschild family developed a network of couriers to transport gold and information across Europe, amassing great wealth.
- They contributed to international finance during the Industrial Revolution and provided finance to governments for major projects.
Sir Moses Montefiore
- Born in 1784, Sir Moses Montefiore was a stockbroker in the City of London and became the brother-in-law of Nathan Mayer Rothschild.
- He retired from business in 1824 and devoted himself to communal affairs.
- He built a synagogue on his personal estate in Ramsgate, Kent, and traveled with his own Shochet to ensure kosher meat.
- He was awarded a knighthood by Queen Victoria in 1837 and a baronetcy in 1846.
Jewish MP in Parliament
- Lionel Rothschild was elected as MP for the City of London in 1847, but refused to take his seat due to the Christian oath.
- He campaigned for change, supported by Benjamin Disraeli, and eventually took his oath in accordance with Jewish traditions in 1858.
- This marked a significant step towards religious freedom.
Late 19th Century Immigration
- Until the late 19th century, Jewish immigrants came to Britain from nearby countries like Holland, Germany, and Poland.
- The closing decades of the 19th century saw desperate conditions for Jews in Russia and Poland, leading to increased immigration to Britain and other countries.
Aliens Act and World War I
- In 1903, a Royal Commission was called to investigate the effects of alien immigration into Britain.
- The first Aliens Act, limiting immigration, was passed in 1905.
- The outbreak of World War I in 1914 halted the patterns of migration.
- In the 1930s, many Jewish refugees sought entry to Britain, but only around 50,000 arrived.
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Description
Explore the history of Jews in England during the 12th to 13th centuries, including their expulsion and banishment. Learn about the role of Edward I and Oliver Cromwell in this period.
