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Questions and Answers
What is the significance of the number seven in Judaism?
Which of the following best describes the Tanakh?
What is the Shema in Judaism?
What is the primary function of the Talmud?
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What does the term 'kosher' refer to in Judaism?
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What does the term 'Covenant' signify in Judaism?
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Which of the following groups is specifically associated with primarily Spanish and Portuguese descendants?
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What is the main focus of Hasidism as taught by its founder, Ba’al Shem Tov?
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What does 'Tikkun Olam' represent in Jewish tradition?
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What does the term 'Zionism' refer to?
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What is the significance of the Shofar in Jewish tradition?
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How is the term 'Holocaust' defined in relation to Jewish history?
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Which Jewish holiday is associated with the Seder Meal?
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Study Notes
Covenant
- A mutual agreement between two parties, like a contract or alliance.
- An example is the covenant between God and the Israelites: “I will be your God and you shall be my people.”
- Binds parties together with specific obligations and privileges.
Messiah
- Means "the anointed one."
- The word "Christ" comes from the Greek word with the same meaning.
Diaspora
- Refers to scattering of Jewish people outside of Israel, both historically and in modern times.
Ashkenazim
- Central and Eastern European Jews and their descendants.
Sephardim
- Primarily Spanish, Portuguese, and North African Jews and their descendants.
Hasidism
- Founded by Israel ben Eliezer (1698–1759), also known as Ba’al Shem Tov.
- Believed in communion with God achieved through prayer, good deeds, humility, and joy.
Shoah
- Hebrew word for "catastrophe, calamity, or holocaust."
- Refers to Nazi Germany's systematic extermination of Jewish people between 1933 and 1945.
Tikkun Olam
- Means "repairing the world" through social action.
Secular Jews
- Jewish people who are not religious.
Holocaust
- The systematic killing of over six million Jews before and during World War II.
Zionism
- Movement that began in the 19th century to create a Jewish state in modern-day Israel.
- Today, Zionism refers to strong support for the State of Israel, established in 1948.
Shabbat
- Hebrew word for "Sabbath," a day of rest and celebration.
Rosh Hashanah
- Jewish New Year, celebrated in September.
- Main celebration takes place in the synagogue, where people declare God as king and pray for protection and blessings.
Yom Kippur
- A Day of Atonement, observed as a holiday.
Shofar
- Ram's horn, blown to signal the beginning of the new year (Rosh Hashanah).
- After prayers, the rabbi blows the shofar as part of the Rosh Hashanah ritual.
Seder Meal
- Ritual feast celebrated at the beginning of Passover.
Passover (Pesach)
- Commemorates the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt.
Kaddish
- Special prayer of sanctification recited in the synagogue each morning and evening for 11 months after a death.
Shiva
- Seven-day period of mourning.
Star of David
- Six-pointed star formed by two overlapping triangles.
- Has seven spaces (six points + center), reflecting the importance of the number seven in Judaism (e.g., six days of creation + seventh day of rest).
Menorah
- Seven-branched candelabra, created in the wilderness (during Exodus) and later placed in Solomon's Temple in Jerusalem.
Torah Scroll
- A literal scroll, considered the most sacred item in Judaism
Synagogue
- The place of worship for Jewish people.
Tanakh
- Hebrew term for the sacred writings of Judaism.
- Consists of the Torah (Law), Neviim (Prophets), and Ketuvim (Writings).
- Christians refer to them as the Old Testament.
Shema
- Profession of faith in Judaism: “Hear, O Israel, the Lord is our God, the Lord is one.”
Talmud
- Compilation of written interpretations of the oral Torah (the Halakhah).
- After the second defeat of the Jews by the Romans in 135 CE, rabbis started writing down and interpreting the oral Torah.
Halakhah
- Means "laws" or "the path."
- Refers to the oral tradition of Judaism.
Mitzvot
- Religious or moral obligations that Jewish people must follow.
Kosher
- Food that has been blessed by a rabbi in a special kitchen.
Israel
- Today, Israel is a country in the Middle East.
- The modern state of Israel was established as a Jewish homeland in 1948.
- In the Bible, "Israel" refers to the Hebrew people or nation with whom God made a covenant.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key concepts in Jewish history, including covenants, the diaspora, different Jewish communities, and significant historical events like the Shoah. This quiz covers various aspects of Jewish culture and heritage, ideal for anyone studying Jewish studies or history.
