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Questions and Answers
What does N1, or %N1, denote in a jet engine?
What does N1, or %N1, denote in a jet engine?
- The compressor's rotation rate
- The medium-speed rotor's rotation rate
- The rotation rate of the high-speed rotor
- The rotation rate of the low-speed rotor (correct)
What is the corrected N1 calculated by dividing?
What is the corrected N1 calculated by dividing?
- %N1 by the engine's RPM
- %N1 by the airflow rate
- %N1 by the pressure ratio
- %N1 by the total temperature ratio raised to some power (correct)
What type of engine uses %N1 as the primary thrust setting parameter?
What type of engine uses %N1 as the primary thrust setting parameter?
- Rolls Royce engines
- General Electric and CFMI engines (correct)
- Three-spool engines
- Two-spool engines
What is engine stall also known as?
What is engine stall also known as?
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What is surge in a jet engine?
What is surge in a jet engine?
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What can cause a flameout in a jet engine?
What can cause a flameout in a jet engine?
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What is bleed in a jet engine?
What is bleed in a jet engine?
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In a two-spool engine, what does N2 denote?
In a two-spool engine, what does N2 denote?
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What does %RN1 represent?
What does %RN1 represent?
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What is the relationship between gauge N1 and corrected N1 dependent on?
What is the relationship between gauge N1 and corrected N1 dependent on?
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Study Notes
Thrust Equation
- Net thrust (Fnet) equation: mass flow rates and velocities.
- Force equation: F = w * g * (V2 – V1), relating force, gas flow, gravity, and initial/final gas velocities.
Factors Affecting Thrust
- Air density, a function of temperature and pressure altitude, is a significant component affecting thrust
- Other factors include engine design limitations, such as pressure differential across the engine case, turbine inlet temperature, and fan speed
Thrust Settings and Ratings
- Maximum Takeoff Thrust: the highest thrust level available from an engine, certified and time-limited to a maximum of 5 minutes (extendable to 10 minutes for one-engine inoperative takeoff)
- Go-Around Thrust: a certified rating
- Maximum Continuous Thrust (MCT): a certified rating
- Maximum Climb Thrust (MCLT) and Maximum Cruise Thrust (MCRT): not certified ratings
Engine Parameters
- Engine Pressure Ratio (EPR): the ratio of the total pressure at the exhaust to the total pressure in front of the fan
- Percent of Fan Reference RPM (%N1): the percentage of the reference rotation speed of the fan
Common Jet Engine Terms
- Corrected N1 (or Referred N1): N1 divided by the total temperature ratio raised to some power
- N2 and N3: the rotation rates of the medium-speed and high-speed rotors of a three-spool engine
- Engine Stall (compressor stall): a condition characterized by stalled airflow over the compressor blades
- Surge: a condition of unsteady airflow through an engine due to abnormal flow conditions
- Flameout: a condition in which the combustion chambers lose their ignition
- Bleed: the extraction of compressed air from the engine
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