Jerry M. Burger's 'Desire for Control' Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Who is the author of the book mentioned?

Allison Anderson

Jerry M. Burger (correct)

Rolf Holtz

Marlene

Which university is NOT mentioned as having a colleague review the manuscript?

University of Idaho

Wayne State

Harvard University (correct)

Ohio University-Eastern Campus

What is one of Jerry M. Burger's hobbies mentioned in the text?

Cycling

Cooking

Swimming

Writing (correct)

What year was Jerry M. Burger's book 'Desire for Control' published?

1992 (C) Signup and view all the answers

What role has Jerry M. Burger NOT held in relation to academic journals?

Guest lecturer (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to personality is mentioned in the content?

None of the above (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following colleagues is linked to Providence College?

Michael Spiegler (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which university is associated with colleague Dolores McCarthy?

John Jay College (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do psychologists increasingly recognize about the role of culture in understanding personality?

Personality cannot be studied without considering cultural influences. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of individualistic cultures?

Focus on individual needs and accomplishments. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How do collectivist cultures primarily gain satisfaction?

From the success of the larger group. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which contrast is most important to cross-cultural researchers?

Individualistic cultures vs collectivist cultures. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement about personality and situational influences is true?

Understanding personality requires integrating situational influences. (C) Signup and view all the answers

How might the assumptions of personality differ across cultures?

Cultural backgrounds can lead to different interpretations of personality. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of people from collectivist cultures compared to individualistic cultures?

Belonging and group success. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which cultures typically align with an individualistic approach to personality?

Most Northern European countries and the United States. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is required for a psychological explanation to be considered valuable for scientific inquiry?

It must be testable through scientific methods. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of a hypothesis in psychological research?

To serve as a formal prediction based on a theory. (B) Signup and view all the answers

In the context of loneliness, what does one theory suggest about lonely individuals?

They lack the social skills to form satisfying relationships. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does the relationship between theories and hypotheses entail in psychological research?

Hypotheses are derived from theories for testing. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Why might theories that involve invisible forces have limited scientific value?

They are not susceptible to testable predictions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What factor is suggested to contribute to individual differences in aggression levels?

Genetic predisposition (C) Signup and view all the answers

How do evolutionary psychologists explain increased aggression in men compared to women?

As an inherited survival mechanism (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which approach to understanding aggression suggests that people are fundamentally good and can become nonviolent if nurtured properly?

Humanistic approach (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the behavioral/social learning approach, how do children often learn aggressive behavior?

By observing and receiving rewards (B) Signup and view all the answers

What effect does a poor self-image have on a child's behavior according to the content?

It often leads to aggression towards others (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential consequence for playground bullies when their aggressive behavior is rewarded?

They may continue aggressive behavior into adulthood. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the view of psychologists who disagree with the idea that some individuals are born to be aggressive?

Enrichment and encouragement can lead to positive development. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What concern do many people have regarding the aggressive role models children observe on television?

They may lead to increased aggression in children. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which theorist argued that much of human behavior is influenced by unconscious forces?

Sigmund Freud (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do trait and cognitive theorists primarily rely on for developing their theories?

Self-report data (D) Signup and view all the answers

How do humanistic theorists view self-awareness in relation to understanding behavior?

They acknowledge partial understanding of one’s actions. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What stance do radical behaviorists take regarding free will and determinism?

They emphasize that behavior is entirely determined by external forces. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which approach suggests that inherited factors do not significantly influence personality?

Behavioral/social learning theory (C) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of behavior do cognitive psychologists increasingly recognize occurs at a level below awareness?

Information processing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What do behavior theorists believe about people's understanding of their actions?

People often misinterpret their own reasons for actions. (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which approach acknowledges both self-awareness and the potential for unaware motivations?

Humanistic theory (B) Signup and view all the answers

What argument did Skinner make regarding human behavior?

Behavior is influenced by environmental forces and past experiences. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do humanistic theorists view personal choice in relation to mental health?

They see personal choice and responsibility as essential. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best represents the view of psychoanalytic theorists?

Human behavior is often driven by innate needs and unconscious mechanisms. (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common goal of cognitive psychotherapists?

To help clients understand how their actions contribute to their problems. (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, which theorist would likely argue against the idea that personality is completely determined by genetic predispositions?

Humanistic theorists. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true about the styles of psychotherapy as described in the content?

Therapy styles reflect the therapist's assumptions about human personality. (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a key focus of trait and biological theorists regarding personality development?

Genetic predispositions that limit development in specific areas. (B) Signup and view all the answers

How do personality psychologists typically apply their theories?

Through psychotherapy that reflects diverse theories of personality. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Aggression

Several perspectives explain aggression:
- Genetic predisposition: Some inherit a tendency towards aggression.
- Evolutionary theory: Men might be more aggressive due to an inherited need for control.
- Hormonal/neurotransmitter influences: Hormones and neurotransmitters play a role.
- Humanistic approach: Aggression arises from environmental factors interfering with natural growth, hindering a positive self-image.
- Behavioral/social learning: Aggression is learned through reinforcement (rewards) and observational learning (e.g., from models).

Personality and Culture

Culture significantly influences personality.
Individualistic cultures (e.g., Western countries) emphasize individual needs and accomplishments, independence.
Collectivist cultures (e.g., many Asian, African, Central American, and South American countries) prioritize group belonging and cooperation.

Conscious vs. Unconscious

Psychoanalytic theory emphasizes unconscious forces influencing behavior.
Behaviorist theory argues that people often misinterpret the causes of their actions, behavior is determined by past experiences.
Trait and cognitive theories often rely on self-reported data, but increasingly they recognize subconscious information processing.
Humanistic theorists believe self-awareness is crucial, but that self-understanding isn't always achieved.

Free Will vs. Determinism

Radical behaviorists (e.g., B.F. Skinner) view behavior as determined by environmental forces and past experiences, minimizing free will.
Psychoanalytic theorists also emphasize influences beyond conscious control.
Humanistic theorists emphasize personal choice and responsibility as vital for well-being.

Personality Theory Application

Psychotherapy is a key application of personality theories.
Different theoretical approaches inform various therapeutic styles.
Psychoanalytic therapists address unconscious factors, while others focus on other factors.

Scientific Investigation of Personality Theories

Theories cannot be directly tested; hypotheses must be derived from them.
Hypotheses are formal predictions of relationships between variables.
Examples of research interests include individual differences in loneliness.
Explanations need to be testable to be scientific, avoiding untestable claims.

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Description

Test your knowledge on Jerry M. Burger's book 'Desire for Control'. This quiz covers key details about the author, his hobbies, and the academic connections related to the book. If you're familiar with Burger's contributions to psychology, this quiz is for you!