Jenis-Jenis Hutang dan Pengakuan Hutang

Jenis-Jenis Hutang (Types of Debt)

• Hutang Jangka Pendek (Short-Term Debt):
  • Mature within 1 year or less
  • Examples: accounts payable, short-term loans, and taxes owed
• Hutang Jangka Panjang (Long-Term Debt):
  • Mature in more than 1 year
  • Examples: mortgages, bonds, and long-term loans

Pengakuan Dan Pengukuran Hutang (Recognition and Measurement of Debt)

• Pengakuan Hutang (Recognition of Debt):
  • Debt is recognized when the company has a present obligation to pay
  • Measured at the present value of the amount to be paid
• Pengukuran Hutang (Measurement of Debt):
  • Initially measured at fair value
  • Subsequently measured at amortized cost using the effective interest method

Penggunaan Hutang Dalam Analisis Keuangan (Use of Debt in Financial Analysis)

• Debt-to-Equity Ratio: measures a company's leverage
• Interest Coverage Ratio: measures a company's ability to pay interest expenses
• Debt Service Coverage Ratio: measures a company's ability to pay debt obligations

Rasio-Rasio Hutang (Debt Ratios)

• Debt-to-Equity Ratio: total debt / total equity
• Interest Coverage Ratio: EBIT / interest expenses
• Debt Service Coverage Ratio: EBITDA / debt service costs
• Times Interest Earned Ratio: EBIT / interest expenses

Mengelola Risiko Hutang (Managing Debt Risk)

• Risk Management Strategies:
  • Diversification of debt
  • Debt restructuring
  • Hedging
• Debt Management Objectives:
  • Minimize debt costs
  • Maintain financial flexibility
  • Manage risk exposure

Jenis-Jenis Hutang

• Hutang jangka pendek: masa jatuh tempo <= 1 tahun, contoh: hutang usaha, pinjaman jangka pendek, pajak yang terutang
• Hutang jangka panjang: masa jatuh tempo > 1 tahun, contoh: hipotek, obligasi, pinjaman jangka panjang

Pengakuan Dan Pengukuran Hutang

• Pengakuan hutang: saat perusahaan memiliki kewajiban yang sudah pasti untuk membayar
• Pengukuran hutang: diawali dengan nilai wajar, kemudian diukur dengan biaya amortisasi menggunakan metode bunga efektif

Penggunaan Hutang Dalam Analisis Keuangan

• Rasio debt-to-equity: mengukur leverage perusahaan
• Rasio coverage bunga: mengukur kemampuan perusahaan membayar biaya bunga
• Rasio coverage jasa hutang: mengukur kemampuan perusahaan membayar kewajiban hutang

Rasio-Rasio Hutang

• Rasio debt-to-equity: total hutang / total ekuitas
• Rasio coverage bunga: EBIT / biaya bunga
• Rasio coverage jasa hutang: EBITDA / biaya jasa hutang
• Rasio earned interest: EBIT / biaya bunga

Mengelola Risiko Hutang

• Strategi manajemen risiko: diversifikasi hutang, restrukturisasi hutang, hedging
• Tujuan manajemen hutang: meminimalkan biaya hutang, mempertahankan fleksibilitas keuangan, mengelola exposure risiko