Chemical Bonding
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary reason behind the formation of chemical bonds between atoms?

  • To break free from other atoms
  • To achieve a stable state by losing energy (correct)
  • To become more reactive
  • To increase energy

    • What is the result of weak chemical bonding between constituents in a compound?

  • The compound becomes more stable
  • The compound remains unchanged
  • The compound undergoes another reaction to form a more stable compound (correct)
  • The compound breaks down into individual atoms

    • What is the nature of the force exerted when matter interacts with another form of matter and energy decreases?

  • Unknown
  • Neutral
  • Repulsive
  • Attractive (correct)

    • Who are credited with explaining the formation of chemical bonds successfully in 1916?

    <p>Albrecht Kössel and Gilbert Lewis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chemical bonds in a chemical compound?

    <p>To keep the atoms together in the resulting compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of strong chemical bonding between constituents in a compound?

    <p>The compound becomes more stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main reason behind the inertness of noble gases?

    <p>They have a full outer energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of chemical bond involves the transfer of electrons?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason behind the strength of an ionic bond?

    <p>The difference in charge between the cation and anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a polar covalent bond?

    <p>Electrons are shared unequally between the atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the uneven spacing of electrons in a polar covalent bond?

    <p>A partial positive charge on one end and a partial negative charge on the other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of hydrogen bonding?

    <p>A weak electrostatic force of attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of ions in an ionic crystal?

    <p>Crystal lattice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy that stabilizes the crystal lattice?

    <p>Lattice enthalpy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is typically formed between a metal cation and a non-metal anion?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in writing a Lewis structure?

    <p>Calculate the number of electrons required for drawing the structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed between oxygen and hydrogen in a water molecule?

    <p>Polar covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the central position in a molecule?

    <p>The least electronegative atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bond formed as a result of strong electrostatic forces of attraction?

    <p>Electrovalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the unit of measurement for bond length?

    <p>Angstrom (A0) or picometer (pm)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the amount of energy required to break one mole of bonds?

    <p>Bond dissociation enthalpy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bond dissociation enthalpy and bond strength?

    <p>Greater bond dissociation enthalpy, greater bond strength</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the attraction between atoms as they come closer together?

    <p>Electrostatic attraction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Lewis structure?

    <p>To determine the octet of electrons on each atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the distance between the centres of the nuclei of the two bonded atoms?

    <p>Bond length</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What method is used to experimentally determine bond length?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed when atoms equally share electrons?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the dsp2 hybridized orbitals?

    <p>Square planar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the paramagnetic nature of oxygen molecules?

    <p>Presence of unpaired electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the theory that explains the formation of oxygen molecules?

    <p>Molecular orbital theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the sp3 hybridized orbitals?

    <p>Tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the overlap of outer orbitals in metals?

    <p>Formation of metallic bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bond length and bond dissociation enthalpy?

    <p>The greater the bond length, the less the bond dissociation enthalpy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of multiplicity of bonds on bond dissociation enthalpy?

    <p>The greater the multiplicity of bonds, the greater the bond dissociation enthalpy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of lone pairs of electrons on bond dissociation enthalpy?

    <p>The more the number of lone pairs of electrons, the less the bond dissociation enthalpy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bond order and bond length?

    <p>The greater the bond order, the less the bond length.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon in which more than one canonical structure can be written for a species?

    <p>Resonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of chemical bonding in which bonding pair of electrons are spread over a number of atoms rather than localised between two?

    <p>Delocalised bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the energy difference between the canonical forms and resonance hybrid?

    <p>Resonance stabilisation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the formation of London dispersion forces?

    <p>Temporary charge imbalance in an atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for an atom to be stable?

    <p>Having eight electrons in its outermost orbit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do atoms with less than eight electrons in their outermost orbit tend to do?

    <p>React with other atoms to gain electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the attractive force between atoms, ions, or molecules?

    <p>Energy decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do atoms try to lose their energy?

    <p>To gain stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of strong chemical bonding between constituents in a compound?

    <p>The compound becomes more stable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of weak chemical bonding between constituents in a compound?

    <p>The compound becomes unstable</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the force that holds various constituents together and stabilizes them by the overall loss of energy?

    <p>Chemical bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the strength of chemical bonds and the stability of the resulting compound?

    <p>The stronger the bonds, the more stable the compound</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond enthalpy of the first O-H bond in H2O?

    <p>502 KJ/mol</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the multiplicity of bonds on bond dissociation enthalpy?

    <p>It increases the bond dissociation enthalpy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the reason for the weaker bond dissociation enthalpy in polyatomic molecules?

    <p>The variation in dissociation energy with each type of bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the phenomenon in which the bonding pair of electrons is spread over a number of atoms rather than localized between two?

    <p>Resonance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the size of the atom on the bond length and bond dissociation enthalpy?

    <p>The greater the size of the atom, the longer the bond length and the lesser the bond dissociation enthalpy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the repulsion between the atoms due to the presence of lone pairs of electrons?

    <p>The bond dissociation enthalpy decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between the bond order and the stability of the bond?

    <p>The greater the bond order, the greater the stability of the bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of chemical bonding that involves the overlap of atomic orbitals?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bond is formed between atoms that lose and gain electrons?

    <p>Ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of hybridized orbitals?

    <p>To explain the similarity in bond length, bond angles, structure, shape and magnetic properties of molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the energy difference between the canonical forms and the resonance hybrid?

    <p>Resonance stabilisation energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the shape of the hybridized orbitals formed from the s-subshell and three p-subshell?

    <p>Tetrahedral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of the presence of lone pairs of electrons on the bond angle?

    <p>It decreases the bond angle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What theory explains the paramagnetic nature of oxygen molecules?

    <p>Molecular Orbital theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the overlap of outer orbitals in metals?

    <p>Electrons do not belong to any particular atom but flow over to all atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of bond formed between atoms that equally share electrons?

    <p>Covalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason behind the formation of chemical bonds between atoms?

    <p>To achieve a stable electronic configuration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of chemical bond is responsible for the properties exhibited by water?

    <p>Hydrogen bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the condition for an atom to be stable?

    <p>Having a full outermost energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the transfer of electrons from one atom to another?

    <p>Formation of an ionic bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of a polar covalent bond?

    <p>Unequal sharing of electrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the type of chemical bonding that involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

    <p>Covalent bonding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do atoms of noble gases neither have a tendency to gain nor lose electrons?

    <p>Because they have a full outermost energy level</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the arrangement of ions in an ionic crystal?

    <p>Crystal lattice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of chemical bonds in a chemical compound?

    <p>To hold atoms together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the bond formed as a result of strong electrostatic forces of attraction?

    <p>Electrovalent bond</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary condition for the formation of an ionic bond?

    <p>The bond is formed between a metal cation and a non-metal anion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Lewis structure?

    <p>To represent the arrangement of electrons in a molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond length in a chemical bond?

    <p>The sum of the covalent radii of the bonded atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the bond dissociation enthalpy?

    <p>The energy required to break one mole of bonds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the attraction between atoms as they come closer together?

    <p>The potential energy of the system decreases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central position in a molecule occupied by?

    <p>The least electronegative atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between bond length and bond dissociation enthalpy?

    <p>As bond length decreases, bond dissociation enthalpy increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the sum of the valence electrons in a molecule?

    <p>The total number of electrons required for drawing the Lewis structure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of step 2 in writing a Lewis structure?

    <p>To add or subtract electrons for anions or cations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of the formation of a triple bond in a molecule?

    <p>The bond enthalpy increases</p> Signup and view all the answers

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