Viking Ship Technology and Navigation

The origins of the classic Viking ship can be traced back to the early Bronze Age, when Scandinavians began using wooden war canoes.

The addition of sails to Viking ships made them quick and deadly contraptions that were essential to their raiding strategies.

Viking shipbuilders created watertight shells by first laying the keel and stems, then building up overlapping planks riveted to their neighbours (the lapstrake technique).

This sturdy construction method is known as shell building, and it was the universal way of building ships throughout northern Europe all the way until the late Middle Ages.

Other features and their effects are described by W. W. Fitzhugh, including the use of sails and the construction of watertight shells.

The Viking Age saw the development of seaworthy sailing vessels

By the end of the 9th century CE, Scandinavians had specialised in different types of ships for different purposes

Warships became more specialised and capable over time, while cargo ships did not appear until the 10th century CE

Longships were called skeiðar if they were extremely long, serpent-shaped vessels.

Viking ships were used for long-distance travel and were sailable by a small crew while having a large carrying capacity.

The two types of Viking ship used during the Late Viking Age reflected changes in Scandinavian society. Longships were made ever longer during the period.

Viking navigation was based on landmarks, common wave- and wind patterns, and the appearance of birds and sea mammals.

Viking routes were first-time exploration journeys which depended on the experience of the crew.

Ships were a vital part of Scandinavian society and played a range of important roles, including in warfare and colonization.

Viking ships were often buried with their owners, and sometimes sacrifices were made in connection with them.

Viking ships were technologically advanced, able to reach far away places and conduct quick raids.