जैव विज्ञान और उसके विभाग

Science is a systematic enterprise that builds and organizes knowledge in the form of testable explanations and predictions about the universe. It comprises various fields including chemistry, physics, engineering, computer science, mathematics, psychology, neuroscience, linguistics, economics, geography, anthropology, business studies, political science, sociology, environmental science, information technology, health care, safety management, home security, agriculture, nutrition, wildlife conservation, sustainable development, urban planning, transportation systems, emergency response teams, public policy, energy production, natural disasters, archaeology, astronomy, paleontology, oceanography, meteorology, space exploration, civil engineering, electrical power, mechanical engineering, aerospace engineering, chemical engineering, materials science, metallurgical engineering, ceramic engineering, nuclear engineering, petroleum engineering, marine engineering, architectural engineering, construction management, fire protection, water resources, airport operation, railway transportation, roadway infrastructure, bridge design, air traffic control, land surveying, disaster recovery, hazardous waste remediation, and museum curatorship.

Biology, one of the primary subfields within this vast realm of scientific inquiry, encompasses the study of living organisms—their structure, function, growth, reproduction, evolution, distribution, abundance, and taxonomic classification. It is divided into several main branches, each with its own set of subdisciplines:

• Microbiology: This branch focuses on microorganisms, such as bacteria, viruses, fungi, and protozoa, their interactions and effects on larger organisms and ecosystems.
• Plant Biology: Also known as botany, it is concerned with the study of plants, their structures, functions, genetics, reproductive strategies, responses to external factors, and their role in ecosystems.
• Animal Biology: Includes zoology, which covers the diversity, behavior, physiology, genetics, and ecological roles of animals in nature.
• Ecology: Deals with relationships between organisms and their environment.
• Population Biology: Studies how populations of different species interact with each other and their environments over time.
• Physiology: Investigates how organisms work from the molecular level upwards, covering processes like cellular respiration, photosynthesis, digestion, circulation, and nervous system activity.
• Genomics & Genetics: Involves the analysis of genes and gene products among individuals and groups of organisms.
• Evolutionary Biology: Examines the changes in genetic composition of populations over generations.
• Cell Biology: Explores the basic unit of life, the cell, looking at its components, organization, functionality, and interactions with other cells and tissues.

Advances in biotechnology have allowed scientists to manipulate DNA sequences using tools like CRISPR Cas9, creating new ways to edit genes and develop treatments for diseases like cancer and inherited disorders. Additionally, advances in understanding the human genome have led to improvements in personalized medicine, where doctors can tailor treatment plans based on individual patients' specific genetic makeup.

जैव विज्ञान के महत्वपूर्ण विभागों के बारे में जानने के लिए यह क्विज़ उपयुक्त है, जो माइक्रोबायोलॉजी, प्लांट बायोलॉजी, एनिमल बायोलॉजी, इकोलॉजी, जेनोमिक्स और आदि के बारे में है।