Questions and Answers
What does GUI stand for?
Graphical User Interfaces
What are the 3 kinds of objects needed to create a GUI?
Components, Events, and Listeners
What is a component?
An object that defines a screen element used to display info or allow the user to interact with the program
What is a container in GUI?
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What are some examples of heavyweight and lightweight containers?
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What are events in GUI programming?
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What are listeners?
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Name 3 GUI packages.
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What does AWT stand for?
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What is Swing?
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What is JavaFX?
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What are anonymous classes?
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Name the 3 different ways to declare a class.
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What is a regular class?
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What is a named inner class?
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What is an anonymous inner class?
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Name other components in GUI.
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What are layout managers?
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What does Flow Layout do?
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What is Border Layout?
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What does Grid Layout do?
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What does Box Layout do?
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What are mouse events?
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What are mouse motion events?
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What are key events?
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Describe the Key Listener Interface.
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What is the KeyEvent class?
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What are adapter classes?
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Focus is important for ____ in GUI applications.
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Study Notes
GUI Basics
- GUI stands for Graphical User Interface.
- Three essential objects for creating a GUI: Components, Events, and Listeners.
Components and Containers
- A Component defines a screen element for displaying information or user interaction.
- A Container is a component that holds and organizes other components and establishes a containment hierarchy (e.g., JFrame).
- Heavyweight containers (e.g., Frame, Applet) are managed by the operating system; lightweight containers (e.g., Panel) are managed by Java.
Events and Listeners
- Events represent occurrences of interest, like mouse or keyboard actions.
- Listeners wait for events and respond when they occur.
Java GUI Packages
- Key GUI packages include:
- Abstract Window Toolkit (AWT): The original Java GUI package.
- Swing: Provides more versatile components than AWT.
- JavaFX: A lightweight, hardware-accelerated Java UI platform intended to replace Swing.
Class Declarations
- Three ways to declare a class: Regular class, Named inner class, Anonymous inner class.
- Regular class: Declared and named in its own file.
- Named inner class: Declared and named inside another class.
- Anonymous inner class: Declared but not named inside another class, allowing concise code.
Additional Components
- Common components include text fields, check boxes, radio buttons, sliders, combo boxes, and timers.
Layout Managers
- Layout Managers visually arrange components in a container. Examples include:
- FlowLayout: Places components in a row; new row starts when space is insufficient.
- BorderLayout: Consists of five areas—North, South, East, West, and Center—for component placement.
- GridLayout: Organizes components in a rectangular grid; all cells have equal size.
- BoxLayout: Arranges components in a single row or column without gaps.
Mouse and Key Events
- Mouse events are triggered by user interactions with components (via MouseListener).
- Mouse motion events occur during mouse movement (via MouseMotionListener).
- Key events are generated when keyboard keys are pressed (via KeyListener).
- KeyListener interface methods include:
-
keyTyped(KeyEvent)
: After typing a Unicode character. -
keyPressed(KeyEvent)
: After pressing a key while component has focus. -
keyReleased(KeyEvent)
: After releasing a key while component has focus.
-
KeyEvent Class
- Generated when a key is pressed, released, or typed.
- Key methods:
-
getKeyChar()
: Returns the character associated with the key. -
getKeyCode()
: Returns the integer key code. -
getKeyLocation()
: Returns the location of the key that generated the event.
-
Adapter Classes
- Each listener interface has an adapter class, simplifying event handling.
Focus
- Focus refers to the component that is currently active and can receive user input.
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Description
Test your knowledge on Java Swing and GUI concepts with these flashcards. Each card presents a key term and its definition, helping you to solidify your understanding of components, events, and listeners in graphical user interfaces.