Questions and Answers
What year was Java announced by Sun?
Which of the following is NOT a property of Java?
What does JDK stand for?
What is Garbage Collection in Java?
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What is a class in Java?
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Java supports multiple inheritance.
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The first version of JDK was released in _____
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Match the following Java terms with their definitions:
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What is the output of the following code segment: System.out.println('Hello world');?
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Which version of Java introduced generics?
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Study Notes
Goals of Java Programming
- Core subjects include the Java language, objects, classes, and static members.
- Focus on class relationships, inheritance, polymorphism, interfaces, abstract classes, exception handling, nested classes, threading, GUI programming, collections, generics, and serialization.
Java Language Overview
- Developed originally under the Green Project in 1991 for consumer electronics, later named Java.
- Key technologies: JDK (Java Development Kit), JRE (Java Runtime Environment), and JVM (Java Virtual Machine).
- Initial application example: "Hello World" demonstrates basic syntax and compilation process.
- Features garbage collection, relieving programmers from manual memory management.
Historical Timeline
- 1991: Green Project begins; Oak language transitions to Java.
- 1994: Introduction of HotJava web browser.
- 1995: Sun Microsystems formally announces Java.
- 1996: Release of JDK 1.0.
- 1997: Introduction of RMI, AWT, Servlets in JDK 1.1.
- 1998: Java 1.2 adds reflection, Swing, and collections.
- 2004: J2SE 1.5 introduces generics and enums.
- 2014-2024: Java SE versions evolve from 8 with lambdas to the current 21.
Java Technology Components
- JDK: Used for development; includes tools like javac and jar.
- JRE: Provides runtime environment; utilizes java command and libraries.
- JVM: Executes bytecode, making Java applications platform-independent.
Java Properties
- Object-oriented design allows for modularity.
- Interpreted language enhances flexibility.
- Portable across platforms due to bytecode.
- Secure and robust with strong memory management.
- Scalable for large applications and supports multi-threading.
- Dynamic features enable runtime reflection.
- Suited for distributed computing environments.
"Hello World" Application
- Create a file named HelloWorld.java with specified code structure.
- Compile using
javac HelloWorld.javato produce bytecode. - Execute the program with
java HelloWorld, demonstrating JVM functionality.
Garbage Collection
- Automatic memory management in Java eliminates the need for programmer intervention.
- System-level threads track and free memory that is no longer in use.
Key Concepts of Object-Oriented Programming
- Classes are user-defined data types encapsulating attributes and behaviors.
- Objects are instances of classes, representing real-world entities.
- Information hiding through encapsulation improves security.
- Constructors initialize objects upon instantiation.
- Packages group related classes for better organization.
Declaring Classes, Attributes, and Methods
- Class declaration uses the syntax:
class ClassName { ... }. - Attributes defined in a class can have access modifiers such as private.
- Methods defined with a return type indicating the operation performed and possible parameters.
- Example class demonstrates the creation of attributes and methods, including access control and functionality.
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Description
Explore the fundamental goals and features of Java programming, including its core concepts such as objects, classes, and exception handling. This quiz covers the historical evolution of Java from its inception to its key milestones. Test your knowledge on the basics of Java language and its development timeline.
