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Which of the following are characteristics of JAVA ports? (Select all that apply)
Which of the following includes physical implementation of communication link? (Select all that apply)
In computer organization, high speed devices are placed in a single chip called _________________.
Northbridge
Another term for the preemptive short-job first is _________________.
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What is the second (2nd) process that will complete if a Round-Robin algorithm using a time quantum equal to 2 milliseconds is used? (Type number ONLY)
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If both transmit and reception are blocking in process synchronization, it is called ___________.
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Copying information into a faster storage system, main memory can be viewed as a last cache for secondary storage.
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Which of the following schedulers are being used by a process during scheduling? (Select all that apply)
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It pertains to a request for operating system service: ____________.
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Which of the following are areas where the multiple core SPU present challenges to the programmers? (Select all that apply)
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Which of the following are operating system services for programming language support? (Select all that apply)
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When a user clicks an application icon on the desktop, it creates a new process. This process is waiting at the _______ for its prior to the CPU execution.
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Pipelining is an example of which cooperating process component? (Select all that apply)
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The basic idea behind a ______ is to remove non-essential services from the kernel and implement them as system applications.
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It pertains to operating system implementation that can allow an OS to execute on a non-native hardware: ____________.
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What is the average turnaround time if Non-pre-emptive Shortest Job First algorithm is used? (type numerical value ONLY)
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At what time does process A complete if the process-scheduling algorithm is priority scheduling? (Type the number only)
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Analogy: Windows OS: Interrupt | Unix: ____
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Burst time is the amount of time a process needs to complete its process execution. Burst time is also called ______.
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It refers to a signal coming from an input/output device to temporarily halt CPU execution: __________.
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What is the only large storage media that the CPU can access directly?
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Which of the following pertains to communications in a Client-Server network system? (Select all that apply)
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In computer architecture, this is where the results of the operations are being stored.
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In computer organization, when a code is being executed, it is being fetched from the memory and loaded into _______.
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What term best describes when CPU switches to another process, the system must save the state of the old process and load the saved state for the new process?
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Which of the following are considered to be primary storage? (Select all that apply)
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A program that intermediates to the entire computer system components: __________.
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This is when an absolute code is generated when it is known where a process will reside in memory: __________.
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In computer architecture, this is where the results of the operations are being stored: __________.
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Study Notes
Java Ports
- Java ports are a type of network communication used in Java programming.
- They establish connection points for applications to send and receive data.
Physical Implementation of Communication Link
- Direct: A physical connection between two devices, allowing for direct data transfer.
- Synchronous: Involves synchronized operations, both transmit and receive actions happen concurrently.
- Explicit Buffering: A designated memory area for storing data during transmission or reception.
- Network: A collection of interconnected devices, including hardware and software, that facilitate communication.
- Shared Memory: A memory region accessible by multiple processes or systems for communication.
- Hardware Bus: A physical connection between components within a computer system, ensuring data exchange.
Computer Organization
- Northbridge: A central chip that connects high-speed devices, such as the CPU, memory, and graphics card.
- Shortest Remaining Time First (SRTF): A scheduling algorithm that prioritizes the process with the shortest remaining execution time.
Round Robin Algorithm
- The second process to complete using a Round-Robin algorithm with a time quantum of 2 milliseconds is process 2.
Process Synchronization
- Rendezvous: A synchronization mechanism where both transmission and reception of data are blocking, ensuring a coordinated exchange.
Caching
- Copying information into faster storage, such as main memory, to improve access speeds. This can be viewed as a last-level cache for secondary storage.
Schedulers
- Long-term scheduler: Selects processes from the job pool and loads them into memory for execution.
- Short-term scheduler: Chooses the next process to be executed by the CPU from the ready queue.
- Medium-term scheduler: Swaps processes between memory and secondary storage to manage memory usage.
- Dispatch scheduler: Transfers control of the CPU to the process selected by the short-term scheduler.
System Call
- A request made by a program to the operating system for a service, such as accessing files or managing memory.
Challenges of Multi-Core SPUs
- Identifying Tasks: Finding suitable tasks for parallelization.
- Balance: Distributing workload evenly across cores.
- Data Splitting: Dividing data into chunks for parallel processing.
- Data Dependency: Handling dependencies between tasks.
- Testing and Debugging: Debugging issues in parallel programs.
- Data Redundancy: Preventing data duplication in shared memory scenarios.
Operating System Services for Programming Language Support
- Compilers: Translate high-level language code into machine-readable instructions.
- Linkers: Combine different parts of a program into a single executable file.
- Debuggers: Tools used to find and fix errors in programs.
- Assemblers: Convert assembly language code into machine instructions.
- GUI (Graphical User Interface): Provides a user-friendly interface for interaction.
- CLI (Command Line Interface): Allows user input and commands through a text-based interface.
Process Creation and Ready Queue
- When a user clicks an application icon, a new process is created.
- This process is placed in the ready queue, waiting to be executed by the CPU.
Cooperating Process Components
- Pipelining: A technique that improves performance by breaking tasks into smaller steps and executing them concurrently.
Micro Kernels
- Operating systems that minimize the kernel size, moving non-essential services to user space applications.
Emulation
- The ability of an operating system to run on non-native hardware.
Non-Preemptive Shortest Job First Algorithm
- The average turnaround time using a non-preemptive shortest job first algorithm is 8.25.
Priority Scheduling
- Process A completes at time 9 using priority scheduling, where each process has a higher priority than the previous one.
Unix Signalling
- Unix uses signals as a mechanism to communicate between processes similar to Windows using interrupts.
Burst Time and Response Time
- Burst Time: The amount of time a process requires to complete execution.
- It is also known as Response Time.
Interrupts
- Signals from input/output devices that temporarily interrupt the CPU execution.
Main Memory
- The only large storage media that the CPU can access directly.
Client-Server Network Communication
- Ports: Communication endpoints on a network, used to identify specific applications or services.
- RPC (Remote Procedure Call): A mechanism for invoking procedures on a remote computer.
- Protocols: Established rules and formats for communication between systems.
Accumulator
- In computer architecture, the accumulator is a special-purpose register where results of arithmetic and logic operations are stored.
Instruction Register
- When code is being executed, instructions move from memory to the instruction register for processing by the CPU.
Context Switching
- The process of saving the state of the current process and restoring the state of the new process when the CPU switches between them.
Primary Storage
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Registers: The fastest and most limited memory, residing directly in the CPU.
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Cache: A small, fast memory that stores frequently accessed data, speeding up data retrieval.
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Main Memory (RAM): The primary memory for storing active data and programs.
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Secondary Storage: These are not primary storage
- Non-volatile memory (e.g., SSDs, Flash drives): Data persists even when power is off.
- Hard disk drives (HDDs): Magnetic storage devices for storing data.
- Optical disks (e.g., CDs, DVDs): Data is stored on a disc using laser technology.
- Magnetic tape: Storage media used for backups or archival purposes.
Operating System
- Manages the overall computer system, including memory, processes, and resources.
Compile Time
- The stage where a program is translated into machine instructions, and the final memory location is known.
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Description
Explore the essentials of Java ports and their role in network communication. This quiz also covers physical implementations of communication links and computer organization concepts. Test your knowledge on direct connections, synchronous operations, and the Northbridge.
